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...source of carbon and nitrogen (instead of CH4 and N2), and the lower temperatures reduce the risk of edge brittleness in cemented carbide tips. PACVD uses an argon plasma to heat the substrate material, thus lowering the temperature of the process to 400–500˚C. In diffusion CVD the coating, substrate and temperature are chosen so the coating reacts with the substrate...

...sources, including cancer charities, NHS advice, and available scientific literature. What should someone do if they suspect they have cancer-like symptoms? If someone is concerned they might have an undiagnosed cancer, they are advised to contact their GP. They can phone their GP surgery, visit the GP surgery website or use an online service to contact their GP (for more...

...is a “line of sight” process, but this can be partially overcome by rotating the work-table. The use of multiple ion sources will probably eliminate this problem in the near future. See Also: Chemical vapour deposition, Physical vapour deposition, Carbonitriding/carburising, Induction/flame hardening, Plasma nitriding/carburising, Electroless plating, Electroplating....

...source of selenological samples, as many of the moon rocks returned to Earth by Apollo 11 were ejecta from the crater. To honour their achievement three small craters just to the north of the Apollo 11 landing site were named Armstrong, Aldrin and Collins. With the supply of large craters having long since been used up these craters are no more than 5 km across....