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...work (what does ‘hypocrite’ mean?) and then, once more, some biographical research. If you can find just one religious person who is not a hypocrite, then the answer to (F) is ‘No’. This biographical exercise is not philosophy either. So (F) doesn’t count as a philosophical question any more than (G) did. Now consider question (E), ‘Does religion depend on...

...work of more than one hand, a group of authors known as the Scriptores Historiae Augustae. However, arguments have now been made that the SHA is the work of just one author. It remains unclear exactly when this author(s) was writing, or the purposes behind the work. The sources of information used by the author to compile the biographies are often uncertain, and there are...

...works, and about how people think and behave. How does a philosophical answer to the ‘What is…?’ question relate to these scientific accounts of the nature of emotion? A standard way to answer this question is to say that, while science is concerned to describe and explain the way in which the world actually works, the role of philosophy is to take a step back –...

...work deviates from the main topics to provide a cultural, ethnographical, geographical, and historiographical background that forms an essential part of the narrative and provides readers with a wellspring of additional information. Herodotus has been criticized for his inclusion of ‘legends and fanciful accounts’ in his work. The contemporaneous historian Thucydides...

...working on the Aeneid throughout the 20s bce, by which time Augustus had imposed stability, but the traumas of the past were still a recent memory. Several passages in the Aeneid use prophecy or supernatural knowledge to refer directly to historical events of Virgil’s own day. These passages identify and praise Augustus himself, and Virgil hopes for a new era of peace...

...work best for you. Here are a few tips: Aim for a mixture of reading, speaking and writing. You might prefer one of these but it is important to try all three. Speaking and writing will be introduced in Sessions 2 and 3 of the course. A few regular short practice sessions of around 20-25 minutes are likely to be more productive than the occasional long session. Be patient...