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...becomes available. Section 3 introduces the main ideas of the Bayesian inference process. The prior distribution summarises beliefs about the value of a parameter before data are observed. The likelihood function summarises information about a parameter contained in observed data and the posterior distribution represents what is known about a parameter after the data have...

...student at The Open University, explores...Mars is usually depicted as a dry, cold, and inhospitable world… but plenty of evidence tells the story of a more benign planet: a Mars spotted with lakes and rivers. Nevertheless, at some point in the past, around 3.5 billion years ago, the martian atmosphere started becoming thinner and thinner, prompting the liquid water on...

...student, Stacy Phillips, explains how researching granites in Eastern Bhutan can give clues about the evolution of the Himalayan mountain belt. ...[Stacy Phillips at Tangmachu beach, eastern Bhutan.] Stacy at Tangmachu beach, eastern Bhutan. Mountain belts represent areas of the earth’s crust that have been distorted by geological processes, been buried at depth and...

...OU level 2 or equivalent. Section 1 describes how to construct a group called the direct product of two given groups, and then describes certain conditions under which a group can be regarded as the direct product of its subgroups. Section 2 describes the key properties of the structure of cyclic groups. Section 3 introduces the notion of a set of generators of a group...