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...religion. Since Calvinist theology prohibited the use of images in churches and other places of worship – though not in secular buildings such as homes or civic buildings – this had a significant impact on the forms of art that were produced. By contrast with Rome, and indeed most other European centres of art at the time, where artists could hope to gain substantial...

...religion (see Section 2) as a sign that he was divinely sanctioned to rule, but the emperor also surrounded himself with gods of his own making. In this respect he is perhaps most famous for how he treated Antinous after his death. Antinous was a young man, a great favourite and a probable homosexual partner of Hadrian, who drowned in the Nile in mysterious circumstances...

...religion, their connections, their ways of doing things, and the result was a completely new way of living, a Roman way of living. Paula James voice-over Rome itself grew into a showcase of architecture with new buildings paid for by the conquests of Rome’s generals. The city centre became a monument to Roman achievements and history. The writing of history was for...

...religion and Irish insanity’ in J. Melling and B. Forsythe (eds) Insanity, Institutions and Society, 1800–1914: A Social History of Madness in Comparative Perspective, London: Routledge, pp.223–42. Walton, J.K. (1981) ‘The treatment of pauper lunatics in Victorian England: the case of Lancaster Asylum, 1816–1870’ in A.T. Scull (ed.) Madhouses, Mad-Doctors and...

...religion - Concern about the morality of the education that prisoners received also put some limits on the expansion of the curriculum. Education was meant to be ‘reformatory’ – to make convicted criminals into better people. Prison education was not about giving men, women and children particular skills to enable them to get jobs. Instead, it was thought that...