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...centre of the tree (Figure 7). As the wood decays, it becomes an attractive habitat for many rare invertebrates such as the hairy fungus beetle (Mycetophagus piceus) or the click beetles (Lacon querceus), the cardinal click beetle (Ampedus cardinalis) or the rusty click beetle (Elater ferrugineus). Some of these insects are so rare that they are known to exist at only one...

...children on average than the other residents did, then (as red hair is a heritable character) the proportion of red-haired people in the population of that city would increase. The change would be due to chance and not because red-haired people were better adapted than other people. Genetic drift would be responsible, not natural selection. In a large population, however,...