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Transfer moulding
Science, Maths & Technology

Transfer moulding

...work is done on the material during the transfer process, and the heat transfer paths are shorter. This leads to faster heating, curing and cycle times than compression moulding. Materials: Materials are normally thermosetting polymers such as PF, UF, MF, epoxies and rubbers. Additives may be mixed with the base material to encourage free-flowing characteristics. Design:...
Hot rolling
Science, Maths & Technology

Hot rolling

...work metals than with cold rolling. Cast ingot structures, at heavy deformations and at temperatures where recrystallisation occurs, promote recrystallisation. Control of the sheet temperature can produce fine-grained structures. Design: Shaped rolling can be used to produce a wide variety of useful-shaped sections in continuous lengths: this includes T, L and U sections,...
Article 5 mins
Warm forging
Science, Maths & Technology

Warm forging

...work die steels are used for punches and dies. Lower forging loads are required than with cold forging, hence smaller-capacity presses can be used: e.g. maximum punch pressures for steel are: cold forging (62% reduction) 2000 MPa warm forging (62% at 600˚C) 1450 MPa Any critical dimension might need to be tightened by the addition of an extra coining or sizing operation....
Article 5 mins
Darwin in the land of pumas
History & The Arts

Darwin in the land of pumas

...work, and is generally overstated. The road was uninteresting, over a dry grassy plain; and on our left hand at a greater or less distance there were some low hills; a continuation of which we crossed close to the posta. Before our arrival we met a large herd of cattle and horses, guarded by fifteen soldiers; but we were told many had been lost. It is very difficult to...
Cell membrane: The cell's city wall
Nature & Environment

Cell membrane: The cell's city wall

...works, so in the cell, different functions are separated into different compartments. All these compartments co-exist quite happily within the outer boundary of the cell. The membranes of these internal compartments are made up of the same material as the outer membrane. VACUOLE The vacuole is found only in plant cells. In a plant cell the vacuole increases the cell...
Just six numbers
Science, Maths & Technology

Just six numbers

...work of some sort of benign creator. Martin interprets this evidence differently. If we imagine that our Big Bang wasn't the only one, then naturally there would be some which have the requisite tuning for life to emerge, and we find ourselves in just that Universe. If there were many Big Bangs it shouldn't come as any surprise that in some of them the tuning is...
What's the difference between a tall organisation and a flat organisation? The one-minute guide
Money & Business

What's the difference between a tall organisation and a flat organisation? The one-minute guide

...work is delegated. On the other hand, career paths are less explicit: employees may have to look sideways or even outside the organisation for career development opportunities. What is delayering? In recent years, there has been a trend towards delayering, whereby tall organisations have tended to become flat organisations by the removal of various levels in the...
How do you read a person their rights when English isn't their first language?
Languages

How do you read a person their rights when English isn't their first language?

...working with non-native speakers of English in legal settings, the group articulated seven recommendations for how the police can better communicate rights to non-native speakers of English. The group hopes that the Guidelines will contribute to a better understanding of difficulties for non-native speakers of English in police interviews, and result in moves to better...