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...Minimum practical forging thicknesses: conventional 5 mm orbital 2.5 mm Thickness tolerances on warm forging of steel at 700–800˚C are ±0.15 mm. Reduced oxide scale formation compared with hot forging applications. Orbital forging should produce 25% material savings and 50% reduced energy costs. See Also: Upset forging, Hot forging (open die) and Powder forging....

...energy from the sun keep the Earth warm, but throughout the history of our galaxy, all the atoms from which we are made have originated from the pristine hydrogen in stars, so we're quite literally the ashes of long dead stars, or, to put it another way less romantically, the nuclear waste of the fuel that made those stars shine. Martin says that when we look around at...

...solar system, the requirements are framed differently. They stipulate that the chances of inadvertent contamination of its internal ocean must be less than one in 10,000 per mission. Unrealistic standards? None of these rules have any force in law, and there are fears that they are liable to be be bent or broken on cost-saving grounds. Rather than leave them in place to...

...Solar System – these included Ptolemy and Tycho (who espoused a hybrid model). Riccioli named the most spectacular crater of all after his predecessor, the German astronomer and mathematician Christoph Klau Clavius (1538 - 1612). At over 230 km in diameter Clavius with its curving chain of secondary craters is one of the most distinctive and imposing features on the...

...energy prices in 2007 and 2008 ENERGY TYPE 2007 2008 Gas (£/MWh) 24 29 Electricity (£/MWh) 76 87 If we were interested in looking at the change in price of just one of these fuels, say gas, things would be relatively straightforward. For instance, it might well be appropriate to look at the increase in price as a percentage of the price in 2007. Activity 14...