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...psychological ‘modality’ - at this stage the child is dependent on others for survival and satisfaction.) The anal stage comes next where the core conflict relates to the requirement of the child to control his/her own body functions to the requests of others. According to Freud, this may lay the foundation for many different kinds of personality characteristics from...

...psychological factors and heart disease, particularly in women. The faster a heart attack is treated after it occurs, the less heart muscle is lost and the lower the risk of death and disability as a result. For both men and women the most common symptom of a heart attack is chest pain. But women can experience less typical symptoms such as shortness of breath, weakness,...

...pp. 127–150). New York: Psychology Press. Sen, A. (2008) ‘Violence, identity and poverty’, Journal of Peace Research, 45(1), pp. 5–15. Wan, C. and Chiu, C. Y. (2009) An intersubjective consensus approach to culture in Wyer, R., Chiu, C.-Y., Hong, Y. (eds), Understanding culture: Theory, research and application (pp. 79–91). New York: Psychology Press....