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...Latin America, bringing left-wing governments to power. His defiance in the face of US hegemony was key to their success. Internally the Castro regime has fundamentally changed Cuban society. In the early 1960s, a programme to spread literacy throughout Cuba was initiated. A healthcare system was created which would not only become the envy of countries in the global...

...Latin name given to the plant by the eighteenth century botanist Linnaeus! (The plant is related to the Kola tree, the seeds of which are widely used in West Africa for divination.) Among the Mayans, chocolate was associated with the creation of the cosmos and of humanity. Intriguingly, twin deities descended into an underworld, survived unpleasant dismemberment and...

...Latin a native name for the place that meant ‘white meadows’ or something similar. Over the next 320 years Vindolanda was almost continuously occupied by a variety of Roman army regiments and the attendant camp followers. A succession of short-lived timber forts was eventually replaced by stone successors, and archaeologists have now recognised the presence of at...

...Latin phrase meaning 'to the person'. It is used in two main ways, which can lead to confusion. By far the most common use is to draw attention to the devious move in argument sometimes known as getting personal, that is, shifting attention from the point in question to some non-relevant aspect of the person making it. Calling someone's statement ad hominem in this sense...