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...physical pathology of the brain (Burns, 2006). One early indication that mental health problems could have a social origin arose from the work of the 19th Century sociologist Emile Durkheim (1971). He found that the risk of suicide was much greater in certain types of society than others, and that events such as economic crises would lead to an increase in the suicide...

...physical tests available, the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders depends on assessing what the person concerned says and does, or on what other people report about an individual who is causing them concern. There are at least two aspects of this process that can be problematic in relation to cultural differences. Firstly, the diagnostic manuals that are used tend to be...

...physical activity, cognitive and social stimulation. Especially we need to make sure we are well hydrated (6–8 cups of water every day is close to ideal) while being careful not to drink too much tea/coffee/alcohol. Eat a healthy balanced diet. Exercise regularly. Exercise doesn’t need to be strenuous or long, every little helps. We can exercise 5 times a day for...

...physically fit, healthy, and injury-free. What makes travelling significant and novel for pilots, however, is the working long hours while travelling in a confined space at high altitude requiring them to monitor their nutrition, hydration, stress, and fitness levels; their main concern being maintaining a Class 1 medical enabling them to keep working safely and doing...