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...a Professor in Inorganic Electrochemistry at the University of Edinburgh. Her research focusses on the redox properties of compounds many of which contain a transition metal. Such properties find many applications from solar energy conversion to catalytic processes and chemical biology pathways. She was awarded an honorary degree from The Open University in November 2014....

...energy is not consistent with the laws of thermodynamics. There is no algorithm presented in the Methods that describes the selection process for who gets to live or die. To make this a random process is not only intellectually lazy, but it also contradicts Thanos’s claim that his motivations are benevolent. What about worlds or ecosystems that have already achieved the...

...local and national open data, data streams from both key infrastructure networks (energy, transport, water) and other relevant sensor networks (e.g. weather and pollution data), data crowdsourced from social media and mobile applications. First, smart city developments provide data to human actors in urban governance networks for decision-support purposes. In contrast, AI-based technologies draw upon all manner of ......

...energy, resisting antibiotics, or causing disease. What is meant by the statement that metagenomics reveals ‘who is there and what they do’? Metagenomics is the study of all genetic material found in an environmental sample. It tells us ‘who is there’ by identifying the organisms present based on their DNA or RNA, and ‘what they do’ by analysing the genes they...