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...work, keeping themselves to themselves and keeping each other in check. This stable community typically remains unchanged throughout our lives, being shaped by our long-term diets or disruption from infections or antibiotic treatments. However, their numbers and diversity do change quickly and temporarily, immediately after we have eaten. For example, microbes that prefer...

...work with situations where a quantity is continuously changing and its rate of change isn’t necessarily constant. As a simple example, imagine a man walking along a straight path, as shown in Figure 1. His displacement from his starting point changes continuously as he walks. The rate of change of displacement is called velocity. [Described image] Figure 1 A man’s...

...working at extremes they can endure altitudes and very low oxygen levels. Well, Lucy returned to Mongolia in July to retrieve heart rate monitors which had been fitted to 30 of the geese last year, and she's with me now. So before we talk about the geese themselves and the heart rate monitor work, let's talk about Mongolia, what sort of landscape were you working in,...

...worked out from the mass number given the symbol A. The mass number is equal to the number of protons in a nucleus plus the number of neutrons. So: Mass number = number of neutrons + number of protons A = number of neutrons + Z Number of neutrons = A−Z The number of neutrons in an isotope can be found from the difference between the mass number and the atomic number. As...