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...carbon source of V. atypica. Autoinducer secretion is also important for S. gordonii and Porphyromonas gingivalis in the formation of mixed biofilm communities that provide mutual protection...General principles of cellular communication: 1.2 Summary of Section 1 - To survive and adapt, cells need to both sense their environment and communicate with each other. An...

...carbon content within less than one year whilst at the same time having no toxic properties. In our labs, we’re working in partnership with DEFRA and a UK polymer company to undertake a series of biodegradability and ecotoxicology experiments and tests. To do this, we use instruments, such as this respirometer, which measures the breakdown of plastic materials through...

...carbon dioxide...Week 2: Planets, large and small: 6.2 Giant planets - Now take a look at these images of the giant planets. [An image of Jupiter.] Figure 19 Image of Jupiter taken by the Hubble Space Telescope showing the motion of its bands of clouds around the Great Red Spot [An image of Saturn and its rings.] Figure 20 A spectacular image of Saturn and its rings,...

...carbon atoms. A mole of carbon dioxide (one carbon atom joined to two oxygen atoms), contains Avogadro’s number of these molecules. It is important to realise that, although in everyday usage it is common to say that you 'weigh so many kilos', there are two things wrong with this usage from the scientific point of view. First, as noted in Box 1, the kilogram is not a...

...carbon dioxide (CO2) is also produced at this stage (as it is from the pyruvate into acetyl CoA conversion earlier). Other products of the TCA cycle are further processed to make more ATP, and this step requires oxygen (O2) (the O2 we breathe in) and produces water (H2O) as a waste product. Energy is released when certain nutrients are metabolized in the body and this...