Science, Maths & Technology
Minerals and the crystalline state
...artificially heated or irradiated amethyst.) Milky quartz is white and cloudy as a result of tiny bubbles of fluid (liquid and/or gas). In a few minerals, such as tourmaline, an individual crystal may be multicoloured (Figure 8), reflecting subtle changes in chemical composition as it grew. Although most commonly black, other colours of tourmaline include brown, green,...