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Plasma arc cutting
Science, Maths & Technology

Plasma arc cutting

...Energies of approximately 10kWh m-3 and thermal efficiencies of 85–90% can be achieved. There are three commonly used plasma systems. Manufacture An alternative to flame cutting, laser cutting, electrical discharge wire cutting and abrasive jet cutting. Used mainly for profile cutting of metal sheets and slabs up to 200 mm thick, but can also be used for cutting,...
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Article 5 mins
Electrochemical Machining (ECM)
Science, Maths & Technology

Electrochemical Machining (ECM)

...energy. An electrolyte medium separates the tool (cathode) from the electrically conductive metal workpiece (anode), creating an electrolytic cell. A high amperage, low voltage current is passed through the cell, selectively dissolving away the material to be removed. Produces distortionless, burr-free components with an excellent surface finish in hard,
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Article 5 mins
Homage to Celtalonia
Society, Politics & Law

Homage to Celtalonia

...energy; pharmaceuticals; shipbuilding and repairs; sport and leisure; and, tourism sectors. In other words, what is termed a modern knowledge economy; In population size terms, it would be about two million smaller than the Netherlands and three million bigger than Belgium; Its total national income would be about 15% smaller than the former but about 20% bigger than the...
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Article 5 mins
Can high blood pressure protect the over-80s from dementia?
Health, Sports & Psychology

Can high blood pressure protect the over-80s from dementia?

...energy and is highly dependent on a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients that are carried by the blood. In extreme cases, a lack of blood supply in the brain can result in a stroke and vascular dementia. Damage to blood vessels in the brain is also implicated in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. In addition to delivering oxygen and nutrients, the blood vessels...
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Article 5 mins
Design and Creativity
Science, Maths & Technology

Design and Creativity

...energy into electricity. New Designs: Postmobile Design for a specific market: a new designer explains how he secured sponsorship from the Royal Mail to develop his prototype. New Designs: Pushchair Redesigning and problem solving: a new designer describes her journey from concept to prototype. New Designs: Scooter Designing for the environment: a new designer tests his...
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Audio 1 hr 39 mins
How can a genetic mutation shared by many Brazilians help in the fight against cancer?
Health, Sports & Psychology

How can a genetic mutation shared by many Brazilians help in the fight against cancer?

...energy, tumour cells partially suppress the activity of the mitochondria and use much of the glucose to create the building blocks of new cells. This metabolic process, known as aerobic glycolysis, takes nearly 20 times as much glucose as mitochondrial respiration to produce the energy that cells need – hence cancer cells’ voracious appetite for glucose. Warburg...
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Article 10 mins
The ocean of Jupiter’s moon Europa
Science, Maths & Technology

The ocean of Jupiter’s moon Europa

...Solar System, rivalling the size of Earth’s moon. Of interest to many scientists, space enthusiasts and science fiction authors is the potential for a vast, global ocean to exist below Europa’s outer icy shell; but why do we think there is a subsurface ocean and why does it attract such attention?...One of the most compelling pieces of evidence for Europa having an...
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Article 5 mins
Physical vapour deposition (PVD)
Science, Maths & Technology

Physical vapour deposition (PVD)

...energy sputtering and magnetron sputtering. [Images to demonstrate 'Physical vapour deposition (PVD)' - see article ] Ion plating Variations of process include reactive ion plating (RIP), chemical ion plating (CIP) and gasless ion plating (GIP). [Images to demonstrate 'Physical vapour deposition (PVD)' - see article ] Manufacture: For vacuum evaporation and ion plating,...
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Article 10 mins