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...model reflects reality, by comparing the model's predictions against real-world data. This material forms part of The Open University course S396 Ecosystems... Ecosystems: modelling the Earth A short introduction to this album. Using a model How models can be used to predict the Earth's climate patterns. The acid test The limitations of models; how to measure model error....

...Data from these apatites and melt inclusions suggest the presence of a water reservoir in the Moon similar to that of certain regions in the Earth’s interior. USA reported first direct detection of ‘water’ (measured as hydroxyl, OH) in lunar volcanic glasses. Almost coincidentally, remote detection of ‘water’ (present either as OH or H2O) was reported by...

...data centres used around 3.6 TWh of electricity in 2020, roughly 1.3% of the country's total electricity consumption, equivalent to powering around one million homes for a year. By 2030, that figure is expected to exceed 70 TWh, enough to power over 20 million homes. That is nearly a quarter of the UK's entire electricity use, just to keep AI running. So how do we keep...