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...energy. An electrolyte medium separates the tool (cathode) from the electrically conductive metal workpiece (anode), creating an electrolytic cell. A high amperage, low voltage current is passed through the cell, selectively dissolving away the material to be removed. Produces distortionless, burr-free components with an excellent surface finish in hard,

...energy into electricity. New Designs: Postmobile Design for a specific market: a new designer explains how he secured sponsorship from the Royal Mail to develop his prototype. New Designs: Pushchair Redesigning and problem solving: a new designer describes her journey from concept to prototype. New Designs: Scooter Designing for the environment: a new designer tests his...

...solar system, and how it can be modelled mathematically appreciate the difficulties inherent in predicting chaotic systems, like weather forecasting. The Open University would really appreciate a few minutes of your time to tell us about yourself and your expectations for the course before you begin, in our optional start-of-course survey. Participation will be completely...

...energy sputtering and magnetron sputtering. [Images to demonstrate 'Physical vapour deposition (PVD)' - see article ] Ion plating Variations of process include reactive ion plating (RIP), chemical ion plating (CIP) and gasless ion plating (GIP). [Images to demonstrate 'Physical vapour deposition (PVD)' - see article ] Manufacture: For vacuum evaporation and ion plating,...

...Solar System, rivalling the size of Earth’s moon. Of interest to many scientists, space enthusiasts and science fiction authors is the potential for a vast, global ocean to exist below Europa’s outer icy shell; but why do we think there is a subsurface ocean and why does it attract such attention?...One of the most compelling pieces of evidence for Europa having an...