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...multiple tiers. Each tier can be changed more easily as it is less dependent on the precise details of the other tiers with which it interacts. This again depends on how careful we are to adopt an approach that ensures the tiers or components are truly loosely coupled. Simply breaking the application into chunks doesn’t guarantee this; we also need to adopt suitable...

...multiple times, note it each time. For each interaction, note the following information: what device you use what you use it for how long you use it for how easy you find the interaction whether you enjoy the interaction whether you would have noticed the interaction without being asked to think about it. Take a moment to reflect on what you observed. How typical was this...

...Multiple strains - A similar problem for vaccine design comes from those pathogens that exist in a very large number of different ‘strains’ which are in circulation concurrently. The individual strains are generally stable, so it is not the case (as with rapid mutation and antigenic drift) that new strains are arising all the time, but the numbers of different strains...