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...data for the specific environment or the specific microbe. If we ever do get VOC data from actual space missions, we can make a robust comparison against the data on our baseline. We also want to be sure that any potential evidence of life we detect on the new world comes from that world and not our own. But before we even think about detecting VOCs from other planetary...

...data, they found that the planet transit began 77.8 minutes earlier than predicted. This is interpreted as a so-called transit timing variation, caused by an unaccounted for gravitational tug on the planet by an unseen body. The same technique has previously been employed to determine the masses of planets in systems with multiple transiting planets, where each planet...

...data these missions will provide. For example, we must understand how ice moves and buckles under extremely low temperatures, how Jupiter’s gravity might squash and squeeze the moon’s interior, and how radiation can change the chemistry of the surface. To allow us to assess the prospects for life in Europa’s ocean, we need to answer questions like: how can we...

...analysis and interpretation of data. Climate science is often about searching for subtle shifts in the data...Session 1: What is ‘engineering the climate’?: 2.2 Probability of different types of weather - One analogy that reflects the idea that climate is a range of different types of weather is: … weather’s how you choose an outfit, climate’s how you choose...