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Grammar matters
Languages

Grammar matters

...et al., 1995, p. 7) Now look at the passage for a second time, paying particular attention to the verbs used to represent past events or processes. These have been highlighted using italics. Make a note of whether each verb form is active or passive, who is the agent and who is ‘acted on’ by the action represented by the verb in each case. In the second text box, make...
Level 3: Advanced 8 hrs
Information technology: A new era?
Society, Politics & Law

Information technology: A new era?

...et al., 1998). As you read the list, consider how a new technology such as electricity or information technology fulfils each criterion. It must have a wide scope for improvement and elaboration. This means that the technology does not appear as a complete and final solution, but as a technology that can be improved through the different opportunities for technological...
Level 2: Intermediate 15 hrs
Introduction to making political and social change
Society, Politics & Law

Introduction to making political and social change

...et al, 2018). It can be understood in a minimal sense (activities which relate to ‘personal responsibility’, such as obeying the law and paying taxes), all the way to a maximal sense, focusing on combatting injustice in society, defined by Westheimer and Kahne (2004) as ‘justice orientated’ citizenship. It is clear there are different ‘levels’ of active...
Introducing key global development challenges
Society, Politics & Law

Introducing key global development challenges

...et in different ways. How do we negotiate conflicting interests? How should resources be managed? What can guarantee equality and fairness? What kind of good change do you want? Such challenges ask unsettling questions as well as promote alternative visions of what is meant by development...Global development requires thinking about social, economic, political, cultural...
Exploring cells with digital fluorescence microscopy
Science, Maths & Technology

Exploring cells with digital fluorescence microscopy

...et al. (2018) ‘Observing the cell in its native state: Imaging subcellular dynamics in multicellular organisms’, Science, 360(6386), eaaq1392. Available at: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaq1392 (Accessed: 10 September 2025)...Exploring cells with digital fluorescence microscopy: Acknowledgements - This free course was written by Katja Rietdorf and Ilias...
Understanding systems thinking in practice (STiP)
Science, Maths & Technology

Understanding systems thinking in practice (STiP)

...et al., 1998). Firstly, using ideas from Chaffee, they identified seven common areas of agreement on strategy (Mintzberg et al., 1998, p. 16). These are listed below, where I have added in brackets an indication of whether the area emphasises attention to variables, which are associated with situations, or perspectives, which are associated with practitioners: strategy...
Succeeding in postgraduate study Badge icon
Education & Development

Succeeding in postgraduate study

...et al. (1999), for example, posit that domain-specific knowledge is indispensable in academic critique because the kinds of analysis, evaluation and the use of evidence often vary from discipline to discipline. However, it is important to emphasise that critical thinking and analysis is not simply related to subject knowledge. At postgraduate level the expectations are...
Understanding service improvement in healthcare
Health, Sports & Psychology

Understanding service improvement in healthcare

...et al., 2010). Skill training and personal development become central when demands on service change or increase, when roles are altered and resources are updated. Investment in skills by individual practitioners and their employers is necessary if the service is to remain responsive and able to seize new opportunities. Activity 4 Make a note in the box below regarding...