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...Scotland. Red knots (Calidris canutus, order Charadriiformes) are ‘waders’, eating worms, shellfish and other invertebrates collected from beaches, mudflats and estuaries. These small birds (adult body mass about 0.1 kg) form large, dense flocks near sandy or muddy coasts of northern Britain and northwest Europe during the winter (Figure 7). Like many birds, the...

...Scotland is rising a few mm a year and the south of England is sinking at a similar rate. With this in mind, you can begin to see why it might be difficult to establish how global mean sea level (sea level averaged across the globe) has varied over the past century due solely to changes in the total volume of water in the oceans. It is this so-called 'eustatic' sea-level...