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...data can tell us whether there was an explosion, but not whether that explosion was caused by a nuclear warhead or conventional explosives. For final confirmation that an explosion was nuclear, we have to rely on radionuclide monitoring, or experiments at the test site itself. Similarly, we cannot explicitly differentiate between a nuclear fission bomb and a thermonuclear...

...data observed as the spacecraft flew past Enceladus were subsequently verified as resulting from a large plume of gas and dust venting from the surface close to the south pole. This was further investigated by Cassini, flying past Enceladus at different altitudes – the closest of which was at 25km. The data it collected helped scientists resolve the plume into a series...

...data, or a new way to collect their data and the privilege of doing that, the constant development in their own understanding of science was frequently mentioned as a positive aspect of their career. A prominent idea was that all the smaller discoveries still contribute to the wider science community, and are equally as important as answering the big questions. This is an...