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...2 and 3 i.e. one covid patient will cause 2–3 other people to become infected, on average. To crack this pandemic we need to get it down below 1. R0 is a function of the Attack Rate (a measure of how catchy the infection is), the duration of infectiousness, and the average number of contact events per case. COVID-19, causing only mild disease in most, exhibits a clever...

...2 kW laser, 5 mm thickness and 2.7 m min-1, 5 kW laser, 3 mm thickness. Accurate control of welding speed is essential to control joint penetration, which depends on type and power of laser, and material. [Images to demonstrate 'Laser beam welding' - see article ] Low speed welding of thick materials can lead to interaction of laser beam, shielding gas and metal vapour to...

...2 µm are typical. Only alloys based on aluminium, nickel, stainless steel, titanium and zinc are available commercially, and of these the most commonly used are aluminium, titanium and stainless steel (e.g. Supral 100 (Al—6Cu—0.4Zr): temperature range 450–500˚C, m value 0.5; titanium 318: temperature range 850–950˚C, m value 0.7–0.9). Alloys are being...