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...l-lactic acid occurs in muscle after vigorous, anaerobic exercise and causes muscle cramp. It is a good example of stereoisomerism in a small molecule, a feature it also shares with a large number of biological molecules, as well as some polymers. The carbon atom in a vinyl polymer to which is attached the pendant side group (i.e. every alternate carbon atom in the main...

...l’ in Nirgal, you will notice that this crater appears to overlap and truncate the river channel. This means the impact must have happened after the channel was formed, and the impact is therefore younger than the channel. Using this same principle, look at Figure 15. [This figure is a photograph taken from Mars orbit of the martian surface. The area is brown-red...