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...article ] Marform Process Another variant of the Guerin Process is the Marform Process, which uses a movable rigid tool to restrain the rubber pad. [Diagram to demonstrate 'Fluid and rubber die forming (Guerin and Hydroform)' see article ] Hydroform Process Rubber is replaced by a membrane containing a pressurised liquid such as oil or water. A double-acting press is...

...article ] [Diagram to demonstrate 'Metal Spinning / Flow Turning' - see article ] Series of metal spinning operations Deformation in metal spinning is a mixture of bending and stretching. [Diagram to demonstrate 'Metal Spinning / Flow Turning' - see article ] Manufacture: Metal spinning involves spinning a flat circular blank of the sheet material on to a special lathe to...

...article ] Drape forming [Diagram to demonstrate 'Vacuum forming (Thermoforming)' - see article ] Thermoplastic sheet is softened by infrared heaters, forced against the contours of a cooled mould by means of a vacuum and then allowed to cool. Plug-assisted pressure forming Plug-assisted forming can be modified by the application of a secondary air pressure after plug...

...article ] [Diagram to demonstrate 'Slip-casting' - see article ] Manufacture: Slip-casting is a ceramic fabrication technique. The casting slip is a suspension of fine particles (<5 µm) in a liquid medium such as water or alcohol. Additives such as deflocculating agents prevent aggregation of particles. The pH is controlled to achieve a minimum viscosity of the slip by...

...article] If parts are required to be surface treated or heat treated, then surface residual porosity has to be sealed by either steam treatment or impregnation techniques. If re-entrant angles, threads or undercuts are required, then components have to be machined. Machinability can be improved by impregnation or by additions of 0.3–0.5% manganese sulphide to the powder...

...article ] The hot extrusion of a "canned" refractory metal powder [Diagram to demonstrate the 'Extrusion of powders' - see article ] Manufacture: Powders can be consolidated by cold or hot extrusion. Cold extrusion of powders requires a considerable amount of binder (up to 50%) such as paraffin waxes, starches, benzol, resins or shellac. This has to be removed during...

...article] Manufacture: An alternative to EDM and USM, best suited to complex shapes and repetitive production such as multiple hole formation. Automatic deburring and rounding of corners due to higher current densities at edges and corners. Operates at 5–30 V d.c. and current densities of 10–500 A cm- 2 (50–40,000 A). Removal rate approximately 1.64 cm3 min- 1 (1000...