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...et al., 2025). This is not a minor issue; it directly impacts confidence, engagement, and success. When students feel invisible or excluded from informal networks, their ability to thrive is compromised. If opportunities for spontaneous conversations, peer support, and informal networking are limited, the perceived isolation can be amplified for Black students. Without...

...et al., quoted in Crossman and Crossman, 2011). Followership can be defined as a process in which subordinates recognise their responsibility to comply with the orders of leaders and take appropriate action consistent with the situation to carry out those orders to the best of their ability (Townsend and Gebhart, quoted in Crossman and Crossman, 2011). These definitions...