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...de Souza. However, the treaty was short-lived and Nzinga escaped with her people further west, where they founded a new state at Matamba. In alliance with former rival states Nzinga led an army against the Portuguese, initiating a thirty year war. She achieved victory in 1647, aided by the Dutch, and encouraged rebellion within Ndongo, which was now governed through a...

...class, Englishness and patriotism had reached breaking point. They contain traces of the experiences in the trenches that marked both Milne and Shepard, whose illustrations of carnage at the Somme and Paschendale were the subject of a separate recent exhibition. The pastoral paradise of Hundred Acre Wood was one that Milne, who wrote passionately in favour of pacifism,...