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...sustained MAP kinase activation. This is illustrated by the neural cell line PC12, which fully differentiates them into neurons only when ERK activation is sustained (for example, by addition of nerve growth factor; Figure 40c). Can you think of an experimental method for the investigation of the relationship between sustained activation of ERK and differentiation of PC12...

...sustain the crew. (b) Outside the space craft, where there is a vacuum and the crew need to wear space suits to survive. (c) On a planet where there is a poisonous atmosphere and where the crew need to wear space suits (which are not soundproof). Answer (a) Sound would be conveyed by the atmosphere within the craft, so the slogan does not apply here. (b) In the vacuum of...

...sustain the nuclear reactions that power the Sun and result in its prodigious output of energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. The planets, with their much smaller masses, cannot support these reactions. They are generally observed as a result of reflected or absorbed and re-emitted sunlight...Galaxies, stars and planets: 5 The Sun and stars - Safety warning...