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...type Ia supernovae showed that the expansion rate of the Universe is currently accelerating (speeding up). This is indicated by the fact that the trend-line shown in Figure 2 is not a straight line, but bends upwards at large distances and redshifts. Note that, by looking at objects further away in the Universe, we are also looking further back in time. This is because...

...types: Cross rolling Circular wedge tools used. Heated bar cropped to length fed in transversely between rolls. One revolution of rolls only. [Diagrams to demonstrate 'Hot rolling' - see article] Flat die Wedge tools are flat and dies are moved in one plane over each other. [Diagrams to demonstrate 'Hot rolling' - see article] Manufacture: The hot rolling of flat sheet is...

...type of powder forging. Design: Process is used to produce components with large-diameter flanges up to 150 mm dia. Components include bevel gears, claw clutch parts, wheel discs with hubs, bearing rings, rings of various contours and bearing end-covers. An example is shown below. [Diagram to demonstrate 'Orbital forging' - see article] Minimum practical forging...