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...aluminium at high speeds. The GTA welding torch can be placed above or below the workpiece. Laser and gas tungsten arc welding [Images to demonstrate 'Laser beam welding' - see article ] Manufacture: An alternative to resistance, arc and electron beam welding for spot, butt and lap welding of sheet materials. Single pass, deep penetration welds are possible at 10–20x...

...aluminium into collapsible cans, canisters for food or electric-torch cases. Materials: Not all materials can be cold formed. Those that can tend to be the soft metals. Lead, tin and aluminium are used for impact extrusion of collapsible tubes, and canisters are produced by the Hooker process. Brass is used for the production of shell and cartridge cases. Aluminium and...

...sand dunes. Whew! A close shave, what? But relief turns to despair when the ambulance crew in Ice Cold in Alex find that their truck just doesn’t have the power to get out of the gully. What to do? The truck engine’s boiling over, the sun’s blazing down and all they want to do is have an ice cold beer in Alexandria. Of course, they have to use the crank shaft of...

...aluminium and aluminium-based alloys, with Zn, Cd or Al-Si systems Fluorine/boron compounds 600 - 1000˚C particularly with refractory oxides Design: Joint clearance is critical, depending on brazing materials, surface condition, degree of alloying and length of joint. Recommended joint clearances vary from interference fit to 0.6 mm. Lap joints are preferred to butt...

...casting, 0.02–1 MPa; high pressure die casting, 3–200 MPa). Machines are classified according to the locking force of the platens and can vary from 1–3000 tonnes. Most machines lie in the range of 50–250 tonnes. The higher the locking force, the larger the projected area of the component that can be produced. Locking can be either mechanical or hydraulic, although...

...casting is a simple joining/assembly technique where components are accurately positioned and metal is injected into the cavity between the components and a die, solidifying almost instantaneously. The join, which may be stronger than the component itself, depends on the mechanical locking action and shrinkage of the injected metal, not adhesion...[Images to demonstrate...

...aluminium and its alloys, copper, 70-30 brass, mild steel, stainless steel and titanium. Mild steel up to 9 mm thick can be spun. Stainless steel up to 3 mm thick can also be spun. Design: In general, the larger the component, the more favourable metal spinning becomes. Thicknesses between 0.25 and 9 mm can be spun, depending on the material. Blank diameters are usually...