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...chemistry of any preserved metal fragments. At The University of Manchester in the x-ray imaging facility, we produced an x-ray CT model of the bead which illustrated the variations in its structure and composition in three dimensions. The results indicated the bead micro-structures observed and their composition were consistent with that of an iron meteorite that had...

...chemistry of life. In the past, space exploration missions were mainly managed by national and multi-national space agencies, but commercial companies are playing an increasingly important role. The debate over the ethical, philosophical, governance, legal, scientific and commercial aspects of space exploration must evolve to consider the interests of all stakeholders. Do...

...chemistry class … But it turned out that I'm really good at connecting dots and understanding abstractions, which led me to studying the political and cultural aspects of space. Later, I started researching decolonial (or anti-colonial) theory, which led me to see parallels between the way we talk about exploring space and the way in which Western powers colonised the...

...chemistry (the chemistry of compounds that contain carbon). With many millions of known organic compounds, and more being added by the day, it would be hopeless if their properties could not be systematised in some way. It turns out that a given functional group usually has the same chemical properties whatever carbon chain it is bonded to, so once the general properties...

...chemistry going on here. As saponification proceeds, the oils, fat and caustic soda react together, heat is generated, water evaporates and the soap begins to harden. If you want fragrant soap, stir in the essential oil or lemon juice at this stage. Pour your traced mixture into the plastic moulds and put them in an airing cupboard. Tidy up your work area straightaway and...