Acknowledgements
Except for third party materials and otherwise stated (see terms and conditions [Tip: hold Ctrl and click a link to open it in a new tab. (Hide tip)] ), this content is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Licence.
The material acknowledged below is Proprietary and used under licence (not subject to Creative Commons Licence). For the avoidance of doubt: All third party videos credited below, and those which link you to Youtube for viewing, are not subject to Creative Commons licensing. Grateful acknowledgement is made to the following sources for permission to reproduce material in this unit:
Course image: © Katie Hetrick in Flickr https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/ by/ 2.0/.
Figure 1: VIKTOR88/Shutterstock.com.
Figure 2: Top left: Getty Images; Top right: Getty Images; Bottom left: Patti McConville/Getty Images; bottom right: WPA Pool/Getty Images.
Figure 3: Lana Rinck/Shutterstock.com.
Figure 4: Yury Zap/Shutterstock.com.
Figure 5: Aysezqic meli/Shutterstock.com.
Box 1: extract adapted from: Arnstein, S. (1969) ‘A ladder of participation in the USA’, Journal of the American Institute of Planners, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 216–2.
Every effort has been made to contact copyright owners. If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.
Don’t miss out
If reading this text has inspired you to learn more, you may be interested in joining the millions of people who discover our free learning resources and qualifications by visiting The Open University – www.open.edu/ openlearn/ free-courses.