Acknowledgements
This free course was written by Rachel McMullan and Sarah Palmer. It was first published in October 2018.
Except for third party materials and otherwise stated (see terms and conditions), this content is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Licence.
The material acknowledged below is Proprietary and used under licence (not subject to Creative Commons Licence). Grateful acknowledgement is made to the following sources for permission to reproduce material in this free course:
Introduction Images
Course Image: © smartboy10/Getty Images.
Week 1
Figures
Figure 1 © Heiti Paves in WikiMedia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Figure 2a © Eye of Science/Science Photo Library
Figure 2b © Steve Gschmeissner/Science Photo Library
Figure 2c © NIAID
Figure 2d © NIAID
Figure 2e © David Dorward/NIAID
Figure 2f © NIAID
Figure 4 from Gell=band, H, et al (2015) The State of the Worlds Antibiotics 2015 https://www.cddep.org/publications/state_worlds_antibiotics_2015/
Figure 5 from Gell=band, H, et al (2015) The State of the Worlds Antibiotics 2015 https://www.cddep.org/publications/state_worlds_antibiotics_2015/
Audio-visual
Video 2 BBC Learning Zone © BBC
Video 4 What is a superbug?, Pain, Pus and Poison, episode 2 © BBC
Video 5 A very serious issue, Sally Davis talking in 2013 © BBC
Audio 1 Scientists’ perspective on the antibiotic resistance threat, Inside Science, BBC Radio 4 Fighting Antimicrobial Resistance (last broadcast 9 June 2016) © BBC
Text
Article 1: The History of Germ Theory, Big Picture by the Educational and Editorial Teams at Wellcome Trust
Article 2: extract from Bacteria that resist 'last antibiotic' found in UK, James Gallagher Health Editor, BBC News website 21.12.2015, © BBC
Week 2
Audio-visual
Video 1 In pursuit of ‘magic bullets; the seminal work of Paul Ehrlich, Pain, Pus and Poison (2013) © BBC
Video 2 How do antibiotics work?, courtesy e-bug http://www.e-bug.eu/
Video 3 Penicillin and beyond, Pain, Pus and Poison © BBC
Week 3
Text
Article 1: © BBC News
Images
Figure 5: Created by the Open University using https://www.rcsb.org/ pdb/ ngl/ ngl.do?pdbid=1VQQ HYPERLINK; https://www.rcsb.org/ pdb/ ngl/ ngl.do?pdbid=1VQQ&bionumber=1"& HYPERLINK; https://www.rcsb.org/ pdb/ ngl/ ngl.do?pdbid=1VQQ&bionumber=1"bionumber=1
Figure 6: adapted from:Pfizer ATLAS https://atlas-surveillance.com/
Figure 7: adapted from BSAC Data © The Open University
Week 4
Images
Figure 4 © Nick Kim, CartoonStock
Figure 7 © Dr L Caro/Science Photo Library
Figure 13: http://journals.plos.org/ plosone/ article?id=10.1371/ journal.pone.0011202 Copyright: © 2010 Smet et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/ by/ 2.0/
Figure 14: AS Rose and PW Hildebrand. NGL Viewer: a web application for molecular visualization. Nucl Acids Res (1 July 2015) 43 (W1): W576-W579 first published online April 29, 2015. doi:10.1093/nar/gkv402 http://www.rcsb.org/ pdb/ ngl/ ngl.do?pdbid=1YLJ&bionumbe
Audio-visual
Video 1: An introduction to the acquisition and spread of antibiotic resistance, Bacteria Vs Antibiotics by Kevin Wu https://ed.ted.com/ on/ x5MqTCry https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/ by-nc-nd/ 4.0/ deed.en
Video 3: HHMI
Week 5
Images
Figure 2 Review on antimicrobial resistance, https://amr-review.org/sites/default/files/HI%26S%20Infographic_1_v4%20white.jpg https://creatiand 5vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Figure 3 Review on antimicrobial resistance, https://amr-review.org/sites/default/files/HI%26S%20Infographic_1_v4%20white.jpg https://creatiand 5vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Figure 4 Review on antimicrobial resistance, https://amr-review.org/sites/default/files/HI%26S%20Infographic_1_v4%20white.jpg https://creatiand 5vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Figure 5 Review on antimicrobial resistance, https://amr-review.org/sites/default/files/HI%26S%20Infographic_1_v4%20white.jpg https://creatiand 5vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Figure 6 from Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy (CDDEP) cdde.org
Figure 9: © ReAct group 2015
Figure 10 Global antimicrobial resistance surveillance system (GLASS) report: early implementation 2016-2017. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO
Figure 11 Global antimicrobial resistance surveillance system (GLASS) report: early implementation 2016-2017. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO
Figure 12: from Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Global surveillance and a call for international collaborative action; © 2017 World Health Organization. Licensee Public Library of Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
Audio-visual
Video 2: © European Centre for Disease Control https://ecdc.europa.eu/
Videos 3 and 4: Bang Goes the Theory, Series 7, Bugs © BBC 2013
Video 5: Drug-resistant gonorrhoea: an urgent public health issue.Centers for disease control and prevention CDC
Text
Article 1: The world is running out of antibiotics, courtesy World Health Organisation http://www.who.int/
Week 6
Images
Figure 1: AJC1 in Flickr https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/ by-sa/ 2.0/
Figure 2: Docwarhol https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/ by-sa/ 4.0/ deed.en https://commons.wikimedia.org/ wiki/ File:Streptomyces_griseus_color_enhanced_scanning_electron_micrograph..jpg
Figure 3: adapted from bas scheme 8 in this paper Wright, P. M., Seiple, I. B., and Myers, A. G. (2014). The Evolving Role of Chemical Synthesis in Antibacterial Drug
Figure 4: adapted from http://www.pewtrusts.org/ en/ research-and-analysis/ reports/ 2016/ 05/ a-scientific-roadmap-for-antibiotic-discovery © Pew Charitable Trust
Figure 6: http://www.pewtrusts.org/ en/ research-and-analysis/ reports/ 2016/ 05/ a-scientific-roadmap-for-antibiotic-discovery © Pew Charitable Trust
Figure 7: adapted from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pmc/ articles/ PMC4536949/
Figure 8: adapted from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pmc/ articles/ PMC4536949/
Figure 9: taken from: PharmaFactz; Medicinal Chemistry of Beta-Lactam Antibiotics; © PharmaFactz 2018
Audio-visual
Video 2: Penicillin rediscovered, clip from Britains Greatest Invention (broadcast on BBC) courtesy Thoroughly Modern Media
Video 3: Mass production of penicillin, Pain, Pus and Poison, Episode 2, © BBC.
Video 4: South American leafcutter ants, clip from BBC Britains Greatest Invention (2017) courtesy of Thoroughly Modern Media
Audio 1: Cephalosporins-Chemistry in its element, Chemistry World; https://www.chemistryworld.com.
Audio 2 Inside Science, Radio 4, International Year of Soil, broadcast 15/1/2015. © BBC
Text
Article 1: Brute force can overcome antibiotic resistance (UCL 2017), courtesy of Joseph Ndieyira; UCL
Week 7
Images
Figures 1 and 2: from ‘Review on Antimicrobial Resistance.’ https://amr-review.org/ sites/ default/ files/ HI%26S%20Infographic_1_v4%20white.jpghttps://creatiand 5vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Figure 3: Ignaz Semmelweis / Etching by Dob; akg-images
Figure 6: Unicef; https://www.unicef.org.uk
Figure 7: Royal Pharmaceutical Society
Figure 8: Crown Copyright http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ doc/ open-government-licence/ version/ 3/
Figure 9: ‘Tackling drug-resistant infections globally: Final report and recommendations’; HM Government and Wellcome Trust; https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/ by/ 4.0/
Figure10: https://amr-review.org/infographics.html https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/ by/ 4.0/
Figure 11: Safely Reduce Antiobiotic Exposure; BRAHMS Procalcitonin (PCT): ThermoFisher Scientific
Figure 12: By J3D3 [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], from Wikimedia Commons
Figure 13: taken from Journal of Clinical Microbiology; Rapid Detection of Extended-Spectrum-ß-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Patrice Nordmann, Laurent Dortet and Laurent Poirel
Figure 14: Nesta; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Audio-visual
Video 1: Ten steps to reducing antimicrobial resistance.The Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry; 10 Steps to Reducing AMR - The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance
Video 5: Bang Goes the Theory, Series 7, broadcast 11 March 2013, © BBC
Week 8
Images
Figure 1: from ‘Review on Antimicrobial Resistance.’ https://amr-review.org/ sites/ default/ files/ HI%26S%20Infographic_1_v4%20white.jpghttps://creatiand 5vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Figure 3: Janice Carr (2005) https://phil.cdc.gov/ Details.aspx?pid=7483
Figure 5: Activity 4; courtesy Rachel McMullan
Figure 6: Activity 4; adapted from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pmc/ articles/ PMC3563964/ figure/ F3/
Figure 7: Science Photo Library/UIG
Figure 8: Estevez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en https://commons.wikimedia.org/ wiki/ File:Bellovibrio-cycle.svg
Figure 9: courtesy Rachel McMullan
Figure 10: stevepb/Pixabay.com; https://creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/ zero/ 1.0/ deed.en
Figure 11: Kateryna Kon/Science Photo Library
Audio-visual
Video 1: How vaccines help to beat superbugs; Vaccines Today
Video 2; Predation of Shigella by Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus inside a zebrafish larva (Willis et al., 2016). Predation of GFP - Shigella by mCherry
Audio 1: Interview with Martha Clokie on phage therapy, Inside Science, Radio 4, © BBC 2016
Audio 2: Interview with Liz Sockett about research with Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, Inside Science; Radio 4 © BBC 2016
Audio 3: Interview with Liz Sockett about research with Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, Inside Science; Radio 4 © BBC 2016
Text
Article 1: courtesy © New Scientist Ltd (2015) https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn27263-anglo-saxon-remedy-kills-hospital-superbug-mrsa/
Every effort has been made to contact copyright owners. If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.
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