3.1 Top fermented beers: ales

Examples of top fermented beers include brown ale, pale ale, stout and wheat beer. The yeast used in the brewing process ferments at higher temperatures of 15–23 °C producing significant amounts of esters and other secondary flavours and aromas, often resembling those of apple, pear, pineapple, grass, hay, banana, plum or prune. This type of beer is known as a top fermented beer as the yeast used floats on top of the beer during the fermentation.