Learning outcomes

After studying this course, you should be able to:

• recognise that ‘European identity’ is a socially constructed attribute

• appreciate the basis for the unities as well as the divisions among Europeans

• understand the ways European identities are assessed and measured

• appreciate the key role of ‘culture’ in the organisation of a common European identity

• understand that European identity could be a bottom-up process as well as a top-down one.