Self-Assessment Questions (SAQs) for Study Session 1

Now that you have completed this study session, you can assess how well you have achieved its Learning Outcomes by answering these questions.

SAQ 1.1 (tests Learning Outcome 1.1)

Using the following two lists, match each numbered item with the correct letter.

  1. marginalised group

  2. inclusion

  3. mainstreaming

  4. inclusive design

  5. accessibility

  6. persons/people with disability

  7. WASH

  8. exclusion

  • a.abbreviation used to mean water supply, provision of latrines and facilities for handwashing

  • b.when a person or group of people are prevented from having access to water, a toilet or handwashing facility

  • c.making sure an issue is given due attention at all times and not left to one side or ignored

  • d.characteristics and features of structures and services that define whether they are usable by people with disabilities

  • e.people with long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which in interaction with various barriers may hinder their participation in society

  • f.when the needs of all members of a given community are fully addressed in WASH services

  • g.people who, in the opinion of others, are considered to be insignificant or not important

  • h.design of a product or service that makes it accessible and usable by everyone

The correct answers are:
  • 1 = g
  • 2 = f
  • 3 = c
  • 4 = h
  • 5 = d
  • 6 = e
  • 7 = a
  • 8 = b

SAQ 1.2 (tests Learning Outcomes 1.2 and 1.3)

Fill in the spaces in the following sentences using the correct terms from the following list:

adolescent girls; anyone who cannot squat comfortably; informal settlement areas; persons with disabilities and older people; women.

  • a. In schools where there is no facility for menstrual hygiene management, ……………. are largely affected.
  • b. ………………….. are excluded if the water facility has high steps.
  • c. A toilet that lacks seat and handrails is not accessible to ……………….
  • d. In ………………….. WASH facilities are not promoted by the government as it is not legal.
  • e. Planning of WASH facilities often does not take account of the ideas and opinions of ………………….

Answer

(a) In schools where there is no facility for menstrual hygiene management, adolescent girls are largely affected.

(b) Persons with disabilities and older people are excluded if the water facility has high steps.

(c) A toilet that lacks seat and handrails is not accessible to anyone who cannot squat comfortably.

(d) In informal settlement areas WASH facilities are not promoted by the government as it is not legal.

(e) Planning of WASH facilities often does not take account of the ideas and opinions of women.

SAQ 1.3 (tests Learning Outcomes 1.2 and 1.3)

For each of the following people, consider the four main reasons for exclusion and explain in your own words why they might be excluded from WASH.

  • a.A woman who has very low income and lives in a remote rural community far from a water supply.
  • b.A man with HIV/AIDS living in a newly-built condominium on the outskirts of a large town.

Answer

  • a.The woman could be excluded simply because she is a woman and so not allowed to participate in community processes, such as decision making about WASH services (personal attributes and social attitudes). She has a low income and so may not be able to afford the water tariff or to pay for a pit latrine (affordability). She lives in a remote rural area a long way from a water supply, so fetching water would be difficult and time consuming (location).
  • b.Some new development areas do not have the infrastructure for a water supply and sanitation (available resources) so people have to depend on public water points and toilet blocks (location). A man living with HIV/AIDS is likely to be shunned by neighbours and others in the community which could make it difficult for him to use shared facilities (personal attributes and social attitudes).

SAQ 1.4 (tests Learning Outcome 1.4)

Name two international and two national policies or frameworks that support the principles of equality for all people and inclusion for marginalised groups.

Answer

International frameworks: Sustainable Development Goals; United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

Implementation Framework 2011; One WASH National Programme 2013; National Plan of Action of Persons with Disabilities 2012.

Summary of Study Session 1