6.6 Stormwater management

Stormwater has a polluting potential, as well as being a possible cause of flooding. In towns and cities, stormwater should be directed into stormwater drains (Figure 6.17). These should be kept clear of rubbish. Climate change means that many areas are experiencing heavy and prolonged rainfall, leading to flooding when the stormwater drains are unable to cope.

Figure 6.17 Stormwater drain designed to prevent flooding in Adama.

Sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) are an alternative to large storm drains. These systems include a range of techniques designed to reduce the speed of surface run-off, encourage infiltration into the ground and reduce the risk of flooding without the use of any mechanical equipment. Building ponds or holding areas in the drainage system so that storm water is temporarily stored and the speed of flow is reduced is one example. These storage ponds also make the water available for reuse. Another example is to encourage infiltration by using gravel or stones rather than solid concrete at the sides of roads (Figure 6.18). This reduces surface run-off and helps to replenish groundwater.

Figure 6.18  Infiltration trench with loose stone that encourages water to soak into the ground.