11.4 Applicability of ISWM

Integrated solid waste management can be planned for big cities such as Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa, Bahir Dar, Hawassa, Mekelle and Adama or medium-sized cities such as Jimma, Nekemte, Dessie and Assela, or small towns like Wolkite, Wukro, Debre Birhan, Bedele and Maksegnit. Although the principles used are the same, some of the waste system elements are more applicable in particular sized communities as shown in Table 11.1.

Table 11.1  Applicability of waste management components in different sized cites in Ethiopia.
Waste management componentBig cities (population above 200,000)Medium cities (population 100,000–200,000)Small cities (population less than 100,000)
Reduction at sourceHighly applicableHighly applicableHighly applicable
Sorting at household level

Applicable but not yet introduced as part of the formal waste system but could be done if sufficient start-up funding was available

Some segregation takes place through the korales

Applicable but not yet introduced as part of the formal waste system but could be done if sufficient start-up funding was available and if the cities are close enough to manufacturers willing to take the materials recovered

Some segregation takes place through the korales.

Applicable but not yet introduced, sorting would probably be limited to separating compostable wastes

Some segregation takes place through the korales

Reuse of itemsHighly applicableHighly applicableHighly applicable
RecyclingHighly applicable

Applicable if linked to big cities

Can be promoted through small-scale recycling (paper for example)

Applicable and can be promoted through small-scale recycling (paper for example)
Composting

Applicable and can be scaled up at material-processing and energy-recovery facilities

Can be scaled up by using the private sector/small-scale enterprises with subsidy

Applicable and can be scaled up by using the private sector/ small-scale enterprises with subsidyApplicable and can be scaled up by creating awareness and by organising small-scale enterprises

11.3.2 Influencing factors

11.5 Encouraging ISWM