Taylor, C. (1977) Exercise and environmental heat loads. International Review of Physiology: Environmental Physiology II, 15. University Park Press
Figure 32 The operation of the nasal counter-current heat exchanger. Temperatures (°C) within the dog's nasal passages and at the mucosa during inhalation and exhalation indicate the conservation of heat when the mouth is closed. The small arrows show the direction of heat transfer from the mucosa to the air on inhalation (a) and in the reverse direction at exhalation (b)
3.3 Integration of anatomical features and biochemical and physiological strategies in evaporators