1 Four operations

You will already be using the four operations in your daily life (whether you realise it or not). Everyday life requires you to carry out maths all the time; checking you’ve been given the correct change, working out how many packs of cakes you need for the children’s birthday party and splitting the bill in a restaurant are all examples that come to mind.

Figure _unit2.1.1 Figure 1 Fruit maths puzzle

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Four maths sums illustrated with pieces of fruit. The first line shows: apple plus apple plus apple equals 30. The second line shows: apple plus 4 bananas plus 4 bananas equals 18. The third line shows: 4 bananas minus 2 coconuts equals 2. The fourth line shows: coconut plus apple plus 3 bananas equals ‘?’ (a question mark).

Figure 1 Fruit maths puzzle

The four operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. As Functional Skills exam papers allow the use of a calculator throughout, you do not need to be able to work out these calculations by hand but you do need to understand what each operation does and when to use it. At level 2, you will often be required to use more than one operation to answer a question.

• Addition (+)

  • This operation is used when you want to find the total, or sum, of two or more amounts.

• Subtraction (−)

  • This operation is used when you want to find the difference between two amounts or how much of something you have left after a quantity is used – for example, if you want to find the change owed after spending an amount of money.

• Multiplication (×)

  • This operation is also used for totals and sums but when there is more than one of the same number – for example if you are buying five packs of apples that cost £1.20 each, you would do 5 × £1.20.

• Division (÷)

  • Division is used when sharing or grouping items. For example, if you want to know how many doughnuts you can buy with £6 if one doughnut costs £1.50, you would do £6 ÷ £1.50.