1 Does psychology work the same everywhere?
The study of psychology helps us to understand why people think, feel and behave in the ways they do. While these are questions which have been addressed by people globally and throughout history, the academic discipline called ‘psychology’ emerged in the late nineteenth century in Europe and North America. This means that many of the core concepts still taught in psychology courses and used in research were developed in these places as well. In recent years, psychologists have been working to better understand the full diversity of human processes, emotions and behaviours.
To better understand global diversity, researchers have worked to distinguish between what is universal and what is shaped by culture. For example, basic emotions like happiness and sadness are universal, but the expression of those emotions varies. In some cultures, openly expressing emotions is encouraged, while in others it is less so. You may well be able to think of examples among people you know or places you’ve been where there are different rules around how acceptable it is to express emotions.
As you work your way through this course, keep in mind that while you will be predominantly exploring differences in psychology around the world, there are aspects of psychology that are universal (i.e. apply generally to people, whatever their cultural background). As humans, many of the ways we think, feel and do things are the same. All people have the capacity to process information, form memories and problem solve, develop cognitive and physical abilities, and experience and learn to cope with stress. People are still able to relate to those from different cultural contexts. Psychologists are still figuring out which aspects of the field are universal, and which vary across different cultures and contexts.
This course may be your first introduction to psychology, or perhaps you have already studied some psychology and are looking to explore differences around the world. Regardless of where you are in your psychology journey, it is important to remember that psychological findings from one part of the world may not apply to another. By exploring similarities and differences in psychology around the world, psychologists can develop better theories, models, treatments and support systems that are inclusive and adaptable.