References

Ellis, C. (2024) ‘Personality concepts and assessment’ in L. McGrath and J. Turner (eds) D110 Exploring Psychological Worlds: Thinking, Feeling, Doing.

Fahraeus, A. and Yakah-Çamoğlu, D. (2011) ‘Who are the villainous ones? An introduction’ in A. Fahraeus and D. Yakah-Çamoğlu (eds) Villains and Villainy: Embodiments of Evil in Literature, Popular Culture and Media. New York: Brill.

Kjeldgaard-Christiansen, J., Fiskaali, A., Høgh-Olesen, H., Johnson, J.A., Smith, M. and Clasen, M. (2021) ‘Do dark personalities prefer dark characters? A personality psychological approach to positive engagement with fictional villainy’, Poetics, 85, p. 101511.

Mischel, W. (1968) Personality and Assessment. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Ross, L. (1977) ‘The intuitive psychologist and his shortcomings: distortions in the attribution process’ in L. Berkowitz (ed.) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. Academic Press, pp. 173–220.

Rubenstein, A.X. and Terrell, H.K. (2018) ‘If-then behavioral contingencies’ in V. Zeigler-Hill and T, Shackelford (eds) Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. Springer, Cham.

Bal, M.P. and Veltkamp, M. (2013) ‘How does fiction reading influence empathy? An experimental investigation on the role of emotional transportation’, PloS One, 8, pp. 1–12.

Banerjee, S.C. and Greene, K. (2013) ‘Examining narrative transportation to anti-alchohol narratives’, Journal of Substance Use, 18(3), pp. 196–210.

Bavishi, A., Slade, M.D. and Levy, B.R. (2016) ‘A chapter a day: association of book reading with longevity’, Social Science and Medicine, 164, pp. 44–8.

Coplan, A. (2011) ‘Will the real empathy please stand up? A case for a narrow conceptualisation’, The Southern Journal of Philosophy, 49, Spindel Supplement, pp. 40–65.

Davis, M.H. (1980) ‘A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy’, JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10, p. 85.

Davis, M.H. (1983) ‘Measuring individual differences in empathy: evidence for a multidimensional approach’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(1), pp. 113–26.

Dodell-Feder, D. and Tamir, D.I. (2018) ‘Fiction reading has a small positive impact on social cognition: a meta-analysis’, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 147(11), pp. 1713–1727.

Donald, M. (1991) Origins of the Modern Mind: Three Stages in the Evolution of Culture and Cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Howie, M. (1983) ‘Bibliotherapy in social work’, The British Journal of Social Work, 13(1), pp. 287–319.

Jamieson, L. (2014) The Empathy Exams: Essays. Graywolf Press.

Johnson, D.R. (2012) ‘Transportation into a story increases empathy, prosocial behavior,and perceptual bias towards fearful expressions’, Personality and Individual Differences, 52, pp. 150–5.

Keen, S. (2006) ‘A theory of narrative empathy’, Narrative, 14(3), pp. 207–36.

Koopman, E.M. (2015) ‘Empathic reactions after reading: the role of genre, personal factors and affective responses’, Poetics, 50, pp. 62–79.

Mar, R.A. and Oatley, K. (2008) ‘The function of fiction is the abstraction and simulation of social experience’, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, pp. 173–92.

Mårtensson, L. and Andersson, C. (2015) ‘Reading fiction during sick leave, a multidimensional occupation’, Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 22, pp. 62–71.

Matravers, D. (2017) Empathy. Polity.

Rubin, D.C. (1995) ‘Stories about stories’ in R.S. Wyer Jr (ed) Knowledge and Memory: The Real Story. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, pp. 153–64.

Sestir, M. and Green, M. (2010) ‘You are who you watch: identification and transportation effects on temporary self-concept’, Social Influence, 5(4) pp. 272–88.

Van Laer, T., De Ruyter, K., Visconti, L.M. and Wetzels, M. (2013) ‘The extended transportation-imagery model: a meta-analysis of the antecedents and consequences of consumers’ narrative transportation’, Journal of Consumer Research, 40, pp. 797–817.

Walkington, Z., Ashton Wigman, S. and Bowles, D. (2020) ‘The impact of narratives and transportation on empathic responding’, Poetics, 80, p. 101425.

Attenborough, R. (1993) Shadowlands [film]. Price Entertainment.

Baumeister, R.F. and Leary, M.R. (1995) ‘The need to belong: desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental of human motivation’, Psychological Bulletin, 117, pp. 497–529.

DeMarree, K.G., Wheeler, S.C. and Petty, R.E. (2005) ‘Priming a new identity: self-monitoring moderates the effects of non-self primes on self-judgments and behavior’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, pp. 657–71.

Derrick, J.L., Gabriel, S. and Hugenberg, K. (2009) ‘Social surrogacy: how favored television programs provide the experience of belonging’, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(2), pp. 352–62.

Derrick, J.L., Gabriel, S. and Tippin, B. (2008) ‘Parasocial relationships and self‐discrepancies: faux relationships have benefits for low self‐esteem individuals’, Personal relationships, 15(2), pp. 261–80.

Gabriel, S. and Young, A.F. (2011) ‘Becoming a vampire without being bitten: the narrative collective-assimilation hypothesis’, Psychological Science, 22(8), pp. 990–4.

Knapp, M.L. (1978) Social Intercourse: From Greeting to Goodbye. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon, Incorporated.

Levy, M.R. (1979) ‘Watching TV news as para-social interaction’, Journal of Broadcasting, 23, pp. 69–80.

Liebers, N. and Schramm, H. (2019) ‘Parasocial interactions and relationships with media characters – an inventory of 60 years of research’, Communication Research Trends, 38(2), pp. 4–31.

Liebers, N. and Straub, R. (2020) ‘Fantastic relationships and where to find them: fantasy and its impact on romantic parasocial phenomena with media characters’, Poetics, 83, p. 101481.

Mar, R.A. and Oatley, K. (2008) ‘The function of fiction is the abstraction and simulation of social experience’, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, pp. 173–92.

McCroskey, J.C. and McCain, T.A. (1974) ‘The measurement of interpersonal attraction’, Speech Monographs, 41, pp. 261–6.

Meyer, S. (2005) Twilight, New York, NY: Little, Brown and Co.

Oatley, K. (1999) ‘Meetings of minds: dialogue, sympathy, and identification, in reading fiction’, Poetics, 26, pp. 439–54.

Pearson, J. (2019) ‘The human imagination: the cognitive neuroscience of visual mental imagery’, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 20(10), pp. 624–34.

Rowling, J.K. (1999) Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. New York: Scholastic.

Sestir, M. and Green, M.C. (2010) ‘You are who you watch: identification and transportation effects on temporary self-concept’, Social Influence, 5(4), pp. 272–88.

Speer, N.K., Reynolds, J.R., Swallow, K.M. and Zacks, J.M. (2009) ‘Reading stories activates neural representations of visual and motor experiences’, Psychological Science, 20(8), pp. 989–99.

Stevens, L.E. and Fiske, S.T. (1995) ‘Motivation and cognition in social life: A social survival perspective’, Social Cognition, 13, pp. 189–214.

Stoker, B. (1897) Dracula. New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc.

Tukachinsky, R., Walter, N. and Saucier, C.J. (2020) ‘Antecedents and effects of parasocial relationships: a meta-analysis’, Journal of Communication, 70(6), pp. 868–94.

Walkington, Z., Ashton Wigman, S. and Bowles, D. (2020) ‘The impact of narratives and transportation on empathic responding’, Poetics, 80, p. 101425.

Young, A.F., Gabriel, S. and Hollar, J.L. (2013) ‘Batman to the rescue! The protective effects of parasocial relationships with muscular superheroes on men’s body image’, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49(1), pp. 173–7.

Aron, A., Aron, E.N. and Smollan, D. (1992) ‘Inclusion of other in the self scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(4), pp. 596–612.

Aron, A. and Aron, E.N. (1997) ‘Self-expansion motivation and including other in the self’, in S. Duck (ed.) Handbook of Personal Relationships: Theory, Research and Interventions (2nd edn). London: Wiley, pp. 251–70..

Benenson, J.F. and Dweck, C.S. (1986) ‘The development of trait explanations and self-evaluations in the academic and social domains’, Child Development, 57(5), pp. 1179–1187.

Black, J.E., Helmy, Y., Robson, O. and Barnes, J.L. (2019) ‘Who can resist a villain? Morality, machiavellianism, imaginative resistance and liking for dark fictional characters’, Poetics, 74, p. 101344.

Hall, A.E. (2019) ‘Identification and parasocial relationships with characters from Star Wars: The Force Awakens’, Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(1), pp. 88–98.

Konijn, E.A. and Hoorn, J.F. (2005) ‘Some Like It Bad: testing a model for perceiving and experiencing fictional characters’, Media Psychology, 7(2), pp. 107–44.

Krause, R.J. and Rucker, D.D. (2020) ‘Can bad be good? The attraction of a darker self’, Psychological Science, 31(5) pp. 518–30.

Lewandowski, G.W. Jr. and Aron, A. (2002) ‘The self-expansion scale: construction and validation’. Paper presented at the Third Annual Meeting of the Society of Personality and Social Psychology, Savannah, GA.

Mattingly, B.A., McIntyre, K.P. and Lewandowski, G.W. Jr. (2012) ‘Approach motivation and the expansion of self in close relationships’, Personal Relationships, 19, pp. 113–27.

Miller, D.T., Downs, J.S. and Prentice, D.A. (1998) ‘Minimal conditions for the creation of a unit relationship: the social bond between birthdaymates’, European Journal of Social Psychology, 28, pp. 475–81.

Nell, V. (2002) ‘Mythic structures in narrative: the domestication of immortality’, in M.C. Green, J.J. Strange and T.C. Brock (eds) Narrative Impact: Social and Cognitive Foundations. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 17–37.

Reissman, C., Aron, A. and Bergen, M.R. (1993) ‘Shared activities and marital satisfaction: causal direction and self-expansion versus boredom’, Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 10, pp. 243–54.

Rowling, J.K. (1999) Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. New York: Scholastic.

Sanders, M.S. and Tsay-Vogel, M. (2016) ‘Beyond heroes and villains: examining explanatory mechanisms underlying moral disengagement’, Mass Communication and Society, 19(3), pp. 230–52.

Saunders, S. (2020) ‘“No More Detective Work, or I’ll write to Mum!”: Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets and popular detective fiction’, J Pop Cult, 53, pp. 148–69.

Shedlosky-Shoemaker, R., Costabile, K.A. and Arkin, R.A. (2014) ‘Self- expansion through fictional characters’, Self and Identity, 13(5), pp. 556–78.

Siegel, D. (1999) The Developing Mind. New York, NY: Guilford.

Slater, M.D., Johnson, B.K., Cohen, J., Comello, M.L.G. and Ewoldsen, D.R. (2014) ‘Temporarily expanding the boundaries of the self: motivations for entering the story world and implications for narrative effects’, Journal of Communcation, 64, pp. 439–55.

Vezalli, L., Stathi, S., Giovannini, D., Capozza, D. and Trifiletti, E. (2015) ‘The greatest magic of Harry Potter: reducing prejudice’, Journal of Applied Psychology, 45(2), pp. 105–21.

Walkington, Z., Ashton Wigman, S. and Bowles, D.P. (2020) ‘The impact of narratives and transportation on empathic responding’, Poetics, 80, pp. 1–8.

Wan, L.C. and Wyer, R.S. Jr (2019) ‘The influence of incidental similarity on observers’ causal attributions and reactions to a service failure’, Journal of Consumer Research, 45, pp. 1350–1368.

Wimmer, L., Friend, S., Currie, G. and Ferguson, H.J. (2021) ‘Reading fictional narratives to improve social and moral cognition: the influence of narrative perspective, transportation, and identification’, Frontiers in Communication, 5, p. 611935.