3 Forensic science evidence processes

A specialist team, with scientific training (for example, Crime Scene Investigators (CSI) or forensic scientists) will collect traces from the scene which may become evidence relating to the alleged activity. This could include collecting DNA samples and fingermarks from around the scene where Dave was attacked as well as retrieving CCTV from the cameras at the gym. The scene itself will be documented, this includes taking photographs of the scene including where Dave was attacked, noting what items were recovered by the CSIs and from where. CSIs follow strict protocols to avoid cross-contamination and ensure that any evidence will be admissible in court.

The items recovered from the scene will be submitted to a forensic science laboratory where they will be logged as part of the continuity of evidence process and decisions taken about the scientific analysis of the items submitted. Forensic scientists may analyse the items (DNA swabs and fingermarks) recovered from the locker room where Dave was attacked.

The resulting data from the analysis would be checked against databases of known offenders and unknown samples from other crime scenes using the national DNA database and the national fingerprint database. Digital forensic experts may analyse digital devices for relevant data relating to the case.

Forensic scientists and digital evidence experts produce reports explaining their findings. These are shared with investigators and prosecutors. The defence, forensic scientists and digital experts may be asked to present their evidence in court to explain their findings and the meaning of their findings in the context of the case, all the while being mindful of neutrality and not supporting one side or the other. Forensic science is not a silver bullet – context matters. For example, matching a fingermark to a fingerprint of an individual may show that individual had touched an object, but does not include any information regarding their intent in so doing. A mobile phone might be compromised because material was purposely placed on to it.