Browse the glossary using this index
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3Rs approach | improving
waste management by reducing, reusing and recycling - abbreviated to the 3Rs (2) |
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accountability | an
obligation or willingness by an organisation or individual to account for
their actions and accept responsibility for them (1) |
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advocacy | making a
case in support of a particular cause or activity and trying to convince
other people, usually decision makers, that it is a good idea (9) |
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advocacy goal | the
desired overall result of any advocacy activity (12) |
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advocacy objective | a
specific description of an intended, desired impact of an advocacy activity (12) |
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barrier analysis | an
assessment tool used to identify barriers that prevent particular behavior (8) |
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behavioural barriers | reasons
why people do not adhere to desired behaviour changes (10) |
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behavioural determinants | the
reasons why people do or do not practice a given behavior (8) |
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behavioural indicators | measures
used to assess progress towards achieving targets of a behaviour change
intervention (15) |
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behaviour change communication (BCC) | communication
intended to help people change their behavior (9) |
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behaviour change strategy | strategy
for changing behaviour that sets out a plan for action and how resources
should be allocated (9) |
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blackwater | liquid
waste that includes human faeces and urine (2) |
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communication | process
by which information is exchanged between individuals or groups (9) |
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community | group of
people who are connected to each other by geographic location or common
concern or interest (6) |
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community action groups (CAGs) | small
groups within a community tasked with managing individual projects (11) |
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community-based action plan | a plan
shared by all members of a community to take agreed actions to end open
defecation; the output of the CLTS process (10) |
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community capacity building | improving
the skills, knowledge and experience of the people in the community so they
are better able to manage community projects and take part in partnerships
and community enterprises (6) |
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community engagement | process
of working with people in a community to address issues affecting their
well-being (6) |
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community-led total sanitation and hygiene (CLTSH) | the same
as CLTS but includes explicit reference to hygiene (H); the name used in Ethiopia
for CLTS |
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community-led total sanitation (CLTS) | method
for mobilising communities to completely eliminate open defecation by
triggering collective behaviour change and installing and using latrines (10) |
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community mobilisation | process
in which community members (individuals, groups and organisations) act
together to achieve desired community goals (11) |
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emergency | unexpected
and usually dangerous situation that calls for immediate action (14) |
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empowerment | process
whereby individuals or communities gain confidence, self-esteem and power (6) |
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environmental pollution | cumulative
effect of the continued disposal of untreated waste and release of harmful
substances into the environment (2) |
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equality of service | equal
amounts of services allocated regardless of need (1) |
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equity of service | amounts
of services allocated according to need (1) |
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evaluation | objective
assessment of an ongoing or completed project or programme to assess its
design, implementation, results and the extent to which the stated objectives
have been achieved (15) |
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facilitation | process
that assists groups of people to understand and agree on their objectives (7) |
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facilitator | a person
who guides the people in a meeting, discussion, planning session or other
event to ensure that the objectives are met by the end of the event (7) |
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faecal sludge (septic sluge) | accumulated
faecal waste plus urine, water and anal cleansing materials in pit latrines
and septic tanks (2) |
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financial sustainability | when
revenue (income) from a service is sufficient to cover expenditure (costs) so
that the service can be continued over a long period of time (13) |
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flying toilets | buckets
or plastic bags used for depositing human excreta and thrown into the street
or on waste ground (2) |
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gender | social
and cultural difference between male and female (8) |
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governance | high-level
decision making and the development of strategies (1) |
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greywater | wastewater
from baths, showers, handwash basins, and dish and clothes washing activities (2) |
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health behaviour | any
action related to disease prevention, health maintenance, health improvement
or the restoration of health (8) |
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Health Development Army (HDA) | organised
groups of families who promote healthy activities and behaviour among other
households (7) |
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Health Extension Workers | people
trained to promote preventive healthcare practices, graduates of TVETCs or
Health Science Colleges (7) |
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health promotion intervention or initiative | action
intended to improve health by promoting positive behaviour and practices (10) |
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household water treatment (HWT) | treatment
of water in the home with chemicals or other methods to ensure safety at the
point of use (1) |
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impact indicators | used to
measure the long-term effects, or end results, of a project or programme (15) |
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impacts | long-term
effects and consequences of proejct or programme outcomes (15) |
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inclusion | process
of incorporating the needs of all vulnerable groups within, and not separate
from, society as a whole (1) |
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indicator | something
that can be seen, measured or counted and provides evidence of progress
towards a target (15) |
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intervention | any
action taken to improve a situation |
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key stakeholder | a person
or group of people with significant influence over, or who will be
significantly affected by, a project (4) |
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liquid wastes | any
waste in liquid or semi-solid form including human excreta (both faeces and
urine), industrial wastewaters, and other forms of waste from water-using
activities in homes and institutions (2) |
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lobbying | advocacy
at government level (12) |
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logframe | abbreviation
for logical framework; a tool used in project design and M&E that
consists of a matrix linking planned activities with expected outputs,
outcomes and impacts (15) |
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marginalised people | people
on the edges (margins) of society who are treated as insignificant or not
important (4) |
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monitoring systematic, purposeful observation and timely data collection that checks if programme activities are being implemented as planned (15)
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network | collaborative
body or group of people that involves many participants from many
organisations (12) |
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one-to-five (1-5) network | a group
of one model family and five other households within the Health Development
Army (7) |
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open defecation | the
practice of defecating (excreting faeces) in the open and not in a latrine (2) |
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outcome indicators | used to
measure the outcomes that a programme hopes to achieve (15) |
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outcomes | effects
of a programme or project outputs, usually in the short to medium-term (15) |
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output indicators | used to
measure the extent to which activities have actually been implemented and
produced the planned outputs (15) |
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outputs | things
produced or objectives achieved by a project or programme (15) |
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participant analysis | analysis
of those directly affected by a particular problem, and those who influence
them (8) |
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pathogen | disease-causing
agent (2) |
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peri-urban areas | areas on
the outskirts of towns and cities, showing some urban and some rural
characteristics (1) |
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personal accountability | the duty
of the individual to take responsibility for his or her actions (5) |
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policy advocacy | approaches
to senior politicians and administrators to explain the impact of an issue
and the need for action and change of policy (12) |
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population density number of people living per unit area (1)
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potable (water) | water
that is safe to drink; free from contamination (3) |
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priority behaviours | behaviour
changes that could contribute to an improvement in the health of a target
population (10) |
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private service providers | privately
owned companies involved in service provision (3) |
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process indicators | used to
measure the ways in which planned activities have been implemented (15) |
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programme advocacy | approaches
to local leaders to explain the need for action at local community level (12) |
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project cycle | term
used to describe the life of a project from start to finish (13) |
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public-private partnership | collaboration
between a privately owned enterprise and a public or government office (1) |
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public services | services
financed by public money (3) |
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sanitation | prevention
of human contact with all types of waste to protect health (1) |
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service | a system
that supplies a public need, such as transport, communications or utilities
(e.g. electricity and water) (3) |
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sex | biological
difference between male and female (8) |
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situation analysis | analysis
of the situation in which a particular behaviour is displayed (8) |
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slums | urban
areas that are heavily populated with sub-standard housing and very poor
living conditions (1) |
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social accountability | public
officials, politicians and service providers are held accountable to the
public and service users for their conduct and performance (5) |
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social change communication | communication
approaches that focus on the community as the unit of change, rather than the
individual (9) |
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social mobilisation | process
that enables people to organise themselves to act collectively to achieve
desired goals (9) |
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social responsibility | individuals
and organisations behaving and acting for the benefit of society at large, or
at least not causing harm to society (5) |
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solid wastes | all
types of waste that are solid in form and are discarded, including paper, leftover food, plastic bags, cans,
etc. (2) |
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stakeholder | any
person, organisation or group with an interest (stake) in something, such as
a particular situation, intervention, project or programme (4) |
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stakeholder engagement | processes
by which the organisers of a project involve stakeholders in decisions about
it (4) |
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stakeholder mapping | process
of systematically identifying and analysing all the relevant stakeholders and
their relationship to each other (4) |
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sustainability | ability
to last or continue for a long time; an approach that combines environmental,
economic and social aspects to produce long-lasting development or prosperity (10) |
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tariff | amount
of money that a user pays for a single unit of service (13) |
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urbanisation | increase
in the number of people living in towns and cities relative to rural areas (1) |
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vectors (of disease) | animals
that can be responsible for spread of diseases, such as mosquitos, flies and
rats (2) |
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vulnerable groups | groups
of people in communities that have particular additional needs and are more
susceptibale to harm (1) |
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WASH services | systems
that provide for water, environmental sanitation and hygiene needs of
communities (1) |
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waste management system | the
complete chain of service from waste collection, through transportation to
final disposal (2) |
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