(1755–1814) Leading Welsh Methodist of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, especially famous for organising Sunday schools.

A mainly working–class movement aimed at extending the vote and reforming Parliament. Worked for the People's Charter (hence the name) after 1838, demanding universal suffrage, annual Parliaments, secret ballot, payment of members of Parliament, equal electoral districts and the abolition of the property qualification for MPs. Prominent in the years 1837-48.

See Newport Rising.

Home Secretary 1910–11. Holder of major government offices at intervals 1908–29. Prime Minister 1940–5, 1951–5.

Taxes which went towards the upkeep of the established Church, therefore incensing Nonconformist Wales. Attempts at abolition were channelled into Parliament. There were unsuccessful abolition bills in 1837, 1861 and 1867.

Site of the death of Llywelyn the Last, Prince of Wales, on 11 December 1282.

System of elementary education founded by Griffith Jones (1683–1761), rector of Llanddowror, Carmarthenshire (Dyfed).

The war between King Charles I and Parliament, 1642–8.  In fact, there were two periods of civil war – the First Civil War, 1642–7, and the Second Civil War, 1648.

Lands belonging to groups of related individuals in the kindred system.

The fourth of that name in the de Clare dynasty, 1243–95. Known as ‘the Red Earl’. Sided in turn with the two Llywelyns and with the English king. Marcher lord of Glamorgan and one of the most powerful men in Wales.