Treaty between Llywelyn ap Gruffudd and Edward I under which Llywelyn retained his title of Prince of Wales, but lost feudal overlordship over most of the other Welsh princes.

Rhondda-born Marxist miners’ leader. Inspirational leader of left-wing socialists in Wales. One of authors of the Miners’ Next Step.

Miners’ agent. Elected Liberal MP for new constituency of Rhondda in 1885 and first president of South Wales Miners' Federation. Believed in a policy of co-operation with the owners.

Act of the English Parliament under which Wales was 'incorporated' into the state of England. One of the two most important of a series of Acts uniting Wales with England. See also Act of Union, Second (1543).

Act of Parliament providing the structure of local government in Wales, based upon the English system of shires and justices of the peace. One of the two most important of a series of Acts uniting Wales with England. See also Act of Union, First (1536).

Liberal reforming politician. Minister in Lloyd George’s 1918 government, responsible for an important housing and town planning act under which large numbers of houses were built. The programme suffered from the Geddes economies of 1922. (See Geddes’ Axe).

The right of presentment or of appointment to clerical livings.

To levy a fine in a court of law.

See Baptist.

Supposed author of the early Welsh poem, The Gododdin, which relates the story of a disastrous battle against the Anglians at Catterick, c.AD 600.

A person involved in the process of toughening tinplate by heat.

Opposition to the power and influence of the clergy or the Church in secular affairs.

An alliance of people opposed to the Corn Laws (Cobden was one of the most important). These Corn Laws kept up the price of corn against foreign competition. In 1815 foreign imports of corn were forbidden unless the home price was above 80s. a quarter. Repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846 split the Tory Party and resulted in Peel, Sir Robert’s resignation.

Someone who, normally as an amateur, has an interest in the past, and particularly in the collection and preservation of old manuscripts and books.

See Dafydd ap Gwilym.

Farming of the land (as opposed to pastoral farming, i.e. the farming of animals).

Doctrine denying the true divinity of Christ, who is seen as one of God’s creatures endowed with divinity by the Father, and not as a co-equal member of the Trinity.

Esquire (literally, one who bears arms).

Arminians are those who hold the doctrine of general redemption, in opposition to Calvinists (Methodism) who believe that only the elect will be saved.

Henry VII’s eldest son and heir, who died before becoming King.

Liberal MP from 1886. Prime Minister 1908–16. Replaced by Lloyd George, causing what was eventually a disastrous split in the Liberal Party.

Those members of the Liberal party who remained loyal to H.H. Asquith when he was replaced as Prime Minister by Lloyd George in 1916.

Sittings of legislative bodies and their decrees.

Jacobite plot named from Francis Atterbury, Bishop of Rochester (1662–1732).

Labour MP from 1922. Leader of the party 1935–55. Prime Minister in the Labour government 1945–51.

Religious order developed in the eleventh century; followers of ‘the rule of St Augustine’. Regular canons, as opposed to monks who lived the monastic life for its own sake, were essentially secular clergy attached to a church who chose, in addition, to live according to the monastic rule.

Patronage and right of presentation to a benefice.

Long poem in the strict metres, for which the chair is awarded at the National Eisteddfod.