See Concentric.

See Cyfran.

The economy measures of 1922 formulated by Sir Eric Geddes.

(1815-1898) Denbigh-born Nonconformist preacher and publisher.

The strike of all the major trade unions in May 1926. The TUC called off the strike after nine days and the miners were left to fight on alone.

Protestant German prince who succeeded the childless Queen Anne as King George I in 1714.

(c.1146–1223) Archdeacon of Brecon. Undertook famous itinerary around Wales in 1188 with Bishop Baldwin to recruit soldiers for the third crusade. Resulted in one of the most important of medieval source writings, the Itinerarium Kambriae (The Journey through Wales). Great proponent of independence of see of St Davids from Canterbury.

MP from 1832. Leader of the Liberal Party from 1867. Four times Prime Minister.

Constructed between 1790 and 1798, from Merthyr Tydfil to Cardiff, to transport iron to the sea for export. The canal was 25 miles long, with 50 locks.

John Jones (1766–1821), satirical poet living in London; published the views of Tom Paine in Seren tan Gwmwl (1795) and Toriad y Dydd (1797).

Anglicised form of the name Owain Glyndŵr, whose rising against the English king after 1400 gave Wales a brief period of independence.

See Owain Glyndŵr.

One of the main landed estates in Neath, West Glamorgan.

An empty space from which coal has been taken in the long-wall system of mining, or the rubbish used to fill it.

The means of regulating the currency and money supply suspended during the First World War. Restored by Winston Churchill, Chancellor of the Exchequer, in 1925. It led, effectively, to a ten per cent rise in the external value of sterling.

Grand Old Man. W. E. Gladstone’s nickname.

Bardic organisation and ceremonial invented by Morganwg, Iolo in the 1790s.

(1716–71) English poet.

See Courts of Great Sessions.

The Great Western Railway Company was founded in 1833 to construct a railway link between south Wales, the south west of England, and London. Brunel was appointed its chief engineer, and the project involved the building of the Severn Tunnel.

On 22 September 1934, 266 men killed in underground explosion.

See Jones, D. Gwenallt.

Colony or national home for the Welsh in America.

Medieval native Welsh princedom in north Wales.

Literary and cultural society of the London Welsh, founded in 1770. It promoted eisteddfodau and the publication of Welsh manuscripts.

(c.1537–1584) Roman Catholic teacher in north Wales hanged, drawn and quartered under the Elizabethan anti-recusancy legislation. (See recusants.)