See Cromlechs.

Designed by Thomas Telford to link Anglesey to the north Wales mainland. Constructed between 1819 and 1826, it was one of the earliest suspension bridges in the world.

(c.1520–1587). Landowner and antiquary from Bonvilston, Glamorgan. Gathered much historical and antiquarian information on Glamorgan, much of which was included in his unfinished Morganiae Archaiographia (Glamorgan Antiquities), begun in 1578.

Disorders in May–June 1831 in Merthyr Tydfil by coalminers and ironworkers protesting at the lowering of wages and insecurity of employment. Merthyr debtors’ court was sacked, and there were conflicts with troops sent to restore order: several rioters were killed and one soldier, for whose death Lewis, Richard (Dic Penderyn) was subsequently hanged.

An intermediate tenant, whose grant of land from his overlord had been let to a sub-tenant, but who still owed feudal service for that land to the overlord (mesne lord).

Boundaries.

Revival movement in the Church of England beginning in the 1730s and eventually breaking away to form a Nonconformist denomination. Particularly strong in north Wales. While in England most Methodists were Wesleyan, so-called after John Wesley, Welsh Methodism generally embraced, at least in theory, the harsh doctrines of John Calvin, the sixteenth-century Protestant reformer, hence Calvinistic Methodists.

Police force of London: responsible to the Home Secretary.

Miners’ Federation of Great Britain. The union of British miners to which the South Wales Miners' Federation affiliated in 1899.

Established a truce of two years between Llywelyn Fawr and Henry III, with Llywelyn maintaining his recent conquests.