Liberal MP for Montgomeryshire. Leader of the Welsh MPs. Friend of Gladstone. Closely involved in the Welsh Intermediate Education Act and Disestablishment.

(Fourth Reform Act.) The 1918 reform act which gave votes to many women over thirty. Only in 1928 were women granted voting rights on the same terms as men.

The restoration of the monarchy after the Commonwealth period at the accession of King Charles II in 1660.

Employment of bands of servants by aristocracy or gentry. Retainers were often regarded as a source of disturbance and fighting.

Furnace in which metal is smelted by an indirect heat.

The deputy of the king or lord in Welsh law.

The sergeant-at-law in a Welsh court who acted as a security officer during court sittings.

Following the defeat of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd by Edward I in 1282, his Gwynedd territories were designated by the Statute of Rhuddlan as the ‘Principality of North Wales’, and were incorporated into the English state. The Principality was divided into shires on the English model, and a ‘Justiciar of North Wales’ was appointed as the principal Royal representative.

1132–97. Yr Arglwydd Rhys – or the Lord Rhys. The leading Welsh magnate of the period.