Acknowledgements
This free course was written by David Rothery and Simon Kelley. Further contributions were made by Susanne Schwenzer, Jessica Barnes, Jean-David Bodénan, Catherine Hill, James Mortimer, Elena Nickson, Phillipa Smith, Beth Steer and Felicity Williams.
Except for third party materials and otherwise stated (see terms and conditions [Tip: hold Ctrl and click a link to open it in a new tab. (Hide tip)] ), this content is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Licence.
The material acknowledged below is Proprietary and used under licence (not subject to Creative Commons Licence). Grateful acknowledgement is made to the following sources for permission to reproduce material in this free course:
Week 1
Figures
Figure 1, 19, 30, 33 Images courtesy of NASA
Figure 2 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL/Ted Stryk
Figure 3, 4, 27, 28, 37, 38, 30 40, 41 © The Open University
Figure 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Images courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute
Figure 11, 12, 14, 15 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute
Figure 13 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASI/Cornell
Figure 16, 17 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
Figure 18 Image courtesy of JAXA/NHK
Figure 20 Image courtesy of NASA/Space Exploration Resources/Adler Planetarium/Arizona State University
Figure 21 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona
Figure 22, 31 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL
Figure 23, 36 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL/USGS
Figure 24 Image courtesy of NASA, ESA, and L. Frattare (STScI)
Figure 25 Image courtesy of NASA-JHUAPL-SwRI
Figure 26 Image courtesy of Cassini NASA/ESA Mission/Fabio Di Donato
Figure 27 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute
Figure 30 Image courtesy of NASA/University of Arizona
Figure 33 Courtesy of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio
Figure 36 Courtesy of NASA/CXC/M. Weiss
Figure 40 Courtesy of NASA-JHUAPL-SwRI
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Week 1 guide © The Open University
Fascinating bodies © The Open University (some materials by courtesy of NASA)
Mythbusting moons © The Open University
Moons and planets © The Open University (some materials by courtesy of NASA)
The Moon’s orbit © The Open University
Prograde orbits © The Open University
Retrograde orbits © The Open University
Synchronous rotation © The Open University
Moon phases and libration courtesy of NASA
The Moon’s origin © The Open University
Bombardment history © The Open University (some materials by courtesy of NASA)
A very Nice model © The Open University (some materials by courtesy of NASA)
Tidal heating explained © The Open University (some materials by courtesy of NASA)
Tidal effects on Io and Europa © The Open University
Investigating orbital resonance © The Open University
Week 2
Figures
Figure 1, 17, 28, 38, 40, 42, 43 Image courtesy of NASA
Figure 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53 © The Open University
Figure 12 Image courtesy of ESA/NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
Figure 13 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL/ DLR (German Aerospace Center)
Figure 14 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona
Figure 15 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL/SSI/ESA
Figure 16 Image courtesy of Cassini Imaging Team/SSI/JPL/ESA/NASA
Figure 18, 45 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL/SSI
Figure 19 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona
Figure 20, 21, 22, 23, 44 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute
Figure 24, 36, 37, 39, 46 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL
Figure 25, 47 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL/USGS
Figure 29 Image courtesy of NASA/LRC
Figure 30 Image courtesy of USGS
Figure 41 Image courtesy of NASA/GSFC/LaRC/JPL/MISR Team
Figure 54 Image courtesy of JAXA/NHK/SELENE
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Week 2 guide © The Open University
Ice and Ganymede © The Open University (some materials by courtesy of NASA)
Icy moons © The Open University (some materials by courtesy of NASA)
Naming moons © The Open University (some materials by courtesy of NASA)
Our Moon and its craters © The Open University (some materials courtesy of NASA)
How impact craters form © The Open University (some materials by courtesy of NASA)
Gene Shoemaker at Meteor Crater © The Open University
Making an impact © The Open University (some materials by courtesy of NASA)
Impact mechanics © The Open University
One ‘big’ impact Courtesy of Science @ NASA
Week 3
Figures
Figure 1, 4, 6, 9, 18 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL/USGS
Figure 2 Image courtesy of The Galileo Project/JPL/NASA
Figure 3 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute
Figure 5, 12, 13, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28, 40, 41, 48 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL
Figure 7, 8, 14, 29, 58 Image courtesy of NASA
Figure 10 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
Figure 11 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL/Ames Research Center
Figure 17 © Jan Sandberg
Figure 19 Image courtesy of NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington
Figure 20 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL/Ted Stryk
Figure 23 Image courtesy of JPL
Figure 26, 34, 35 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL/Orion Moon
Figure 30, 31 © The Open University
Figure 32 Image courtesy of W.R. Normak, USGS.
Figure 33 Image courtesy of NASA/ESA/L. Roth/SWRI/University of Cologne
Figure 36, 37, 38, 39 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL/ASU
Figure 42 Images courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech/Malin Space Science Systems/Texas A&M Univ.
Figure 43 Image courtesy of Cassini Imaging Team/SSI/JPL/ESA/NASA
Figure 44, 45, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 57 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute
Figure 47 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute
Figure 55 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL/SSI
Figure 59 Image courtesy of NASA, ESA, H. Weaver (JHU/APL), A. Stern (SwRI), and the HST Pluto Companion Search Team
Figure 60 Image courtesy of BBC
Figure 61 and 62 courtesy of NASA/JHUAPL/SWRI
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Week 3 guide © The Open University
Volcanic eruptions on Io © The Open University (some materials by courtesy of NASA)
Cryovolcanism on Enceladus © The Open University (some materials by courtesy of NASA)
How Enceladus works © The Open University
Nobody expects the Italian inquisition © The Open University
Is Europa habitable? © The Open University (some materials by courtesy of NASA)
Phobos and Deimos © The Open University (some materials by courtesy of NASA)
Phobos seen from the surface of Mars Courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech/Malin Space Science Systems/Texas A&M Univ.
The moons of asteroids © The Open University (some materials by courtesy of NASA/Lance Benner/Marina Brozović/Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology)
Week 4
Figures
Figure 1 Image courtesy of NASA/NOAA
Figure 2 Image courtesy of Museum of Modern Art, New York
Figure 3, 6, 7, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 Images courtesy of NASA
Figure 4, 5 © The Open University
Figure 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 Image courtesy of PD-USGOV-NASA
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Week 4 guide © The Open University
Looking at the Moon Courtesy of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio
Going to the Moon © The Open University (some materials by courtesy of NASA)
Race to the Moon © The Open University (some materials by courtesy of NASA/Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics/University of Manchester/John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum)
Falling objects on the Moon Courtesy of NASA
Departure from the Moon Courtesy of NASA
Bringing Moon samples to Earth Courtesy of NASA
Week 5
Figure 1, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24 © The Open University
Figure 2, 4, 5, 6, 14, 22 Image courtesy of NASA
Figure 3 Image courtesy of JAXA/SELENE
Figure 7 Image courtesy of USGS
Figure 9 Image courtesy of NASA/Goddard/Arizona State University
Figure 16 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL
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Week 5 guide © The Open University
What we’ve learned about the Moon © The Open University (some materials by courtesy of NASA)
The Genesis Rock — how it was found Courtesy of NASA
Anyone for golf? Courtesy of NASA
Moon rocks — a scientists’s view © The Open University (some materials by courtesy of NASA)
Moon rocks under the microscope © The Open University
Remote sensing — crater countinga scientists’s view Courtesy of JAXA/SELENE
Week 6
Figures
Figure 1, 6, 7, 19, 21 Image courtesy of NASA
Figure 2, 3 © The Open University
Figure 4 Image courtesy of History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries
Figure 5 Image courtesy of NASA/Apollo 17 crew
Figure 8 Image courtesy of Clementine Team/JPL/NASA
Figure 9 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL
Figure 10, 16 Image courtesy of NASA/LCROSS
Figure 11, 12 Image courtesy of JAXA
Figure 13 Image courtesy of ISRO
Figure 14 Image courtesy of ISRO/NASA/JPL-Caltech/Brown Univ./USGS
Figure 15 Image courtesy of ESA/MPAe, Lindau
Figure 17 © mariusFM77 (via iStockphoto.com)
Figure 18 Public domain
Figure 20 Image courtesy of NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University
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Week 6 guide © The Open University
A paradigm shift? © The Open University (some materials by courtesy of NASA)
The future of lunar exploration © The Open University (some materials by courtesy of NASA)
Week 7
Figures
Figure 1 Image courtesy of NASA/ESA/M. Showalter (SETI Institute)
Figure 2 Image courtesy of NASA/Ames Research Center
Figure 3, 4, 6, 30 Image courtesy of NASA
Figure 5 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL/SSI
Figure 7 Image courtesy of PD-USGOV-NASA
Figure 8, 26, 27 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute
Figure 9, 10, 22, 24, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL
Figure 11 © The Open University
Figure 12 Image courtesy of ESA/NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
Figure 13 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute
Figure 14 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona/University of Idaho
Figure 15, 16, 17 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona
Figure 18, 19 Image courtesy of ESA/NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
Figure 20, 21 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL/USGS
Figure 23 Image courtesy of NASA / Text © The Open University
Figure 24, 25 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute
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Week 7 guide © The Open University
Voyager — inspiring generations Courtesy of NASA/JPL
Voyager — last picture show Courtesy of NASA
Cassini-Huygens — 15 years of exploration Courtesy of NASA
Descent to Titan Courtesy of ESA/NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
Making plans for Titan © The Open University (some materials by courtesy of NASA)
Week 8
Figures
Figure 1 Image courtesy of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
Figure 2 Image courtesy of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Figure 3, 5 Image courtesy of NASA
Figure 4, 9, 11 © The Open University
Figure 6 Image courtesy of NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute
Figure 7 © stacey_newman (via iStockphoto.com)
Figure 8 © agsandrew (via iStockphoto.com)
Figure 10 Image courtesy of Prof. Frances Westall, CNRS, Orleans, France
Figure 12 Image courtesy of Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Rapid Response Team/NASA/GSFC
Figure 13 Image courtesy of DLR
Figure 14 Image © _thinrhino via Flickr.com
Figure 15 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech
Figure 16 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL
Figure 17 Image courtesy of ESA/NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
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Week 8 guide © The Open University
Humans or robots? © The Open University (some materials by courtesy of NASA)
The JUICE mission to Jupiter © The Open University (some materials by courtesy of NASA)
Penetrators at work © ESA/Astrium UK/QinetiQ
Icy penetrators © Astrium UK
New Horizons Pluto-Charon flyby Courtesy of Science @ NASA
Lessons from Earth Courtesy of NASA
What Huygens found on Titan © The Open University (some materials by courtesy of NASA)
What’s the Buzz? © The Open University
End-of-course Guide © The Open University
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